Productivity of garden strawberry and breeding possibilities to improve it

The information on the productivity trait of garden strawberry Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier has been summarized on the basis of literary sources. The productivity trait has a complex polygenic character. Independent inheritance of individual productivity components allows modeling their optimal combination in a new variety. The creation of highly productive varieties of strawberries is based on intraspecific hybridization. The established positive correlation between the size of berries and the yield indicates the possibility of increasing the productivity of varieties by using large-fruited forms in breeding. At present, in various zones of horticulture, researchers distinguish large-fruited varieties of domestic breeding: ‘Atlas', ‘Bereginya', ‘Vityaz', ‘Grenada', ‘Zabelinskaya', ‘Kemiya', ‘Nashe Podmoscovie', ‘Nelly', ‘Pervoklassnitsa', ‘Rusich', ‘Solnechnaya Polyanka', ‘Solovushka', ‘Festivalnaya Romashka', ‘Fruktovaya', ‘Tsaritsa', ‘Yaponka', and foreign breeding: ‘Alba', ‘Asia', ‘Elsanta', ‘Finesse', ‘Florense', ‘Vivaldi', ‘Galia', ‘Jive', ‘Joly', ‘M. Champion', ‘Merced', ‘Murano', ‘Onda', ‘Roxana', ‘Rumba', ‘Tarda Vicoda', ‘Vima Kimberly', ‘Vima Tarda', ‘Vima Rina', ‘Vima Xima'. It was noted that when using the inbreeding method, it is possible to achieve a heterotic effect on the basis of the productivity trait. The method of genetic modifications of plants is of great importance for breeding of complex quantitative traits of productivity, including yield. Expansion of the genetic base of garden strawberry by means of octoploid and polyploid forms of wild species will ensure an increase in the productivity of new varieties due to the inclusion of traits of adaptability to biotic and abiotic factors in the genotype. The use of modern research methods (screening of the metabolomic and biochemical profile, DNA certification, molecular labeling) increases the objectivity of research and the efficiency of the breeding process.

Polymorphism scanning of HSP90AB1 gene in local Friesian Holstein as molecular marker for heat stress resistance

Heat stress poses major problem in dairy cattle in term of reproduction and milk yield, especially in humid tropical climates. The HSP90AB1 is a gene that plays important role in heat stress response. Scanning its allele and genotype variation could be beneficial for the selection of dairy cattle which able to cope with heat stress effect. This study aimed to identify HSP90AB1 gene polymorphism (SNP g.4338T>C) in Indonesian local Friesian Holstein dairy cattle population. In total 20 cattle were sampled randomly. In this study, AS-PCR was employed to amplify 561 bp of gene fragment, using pair of primer namely CF primer 5-CTGGAGTCACACTGAGGAAC-3, TF primer 5-CTGGAGTCACA CTGAGGAAT-3, F primer 5-CTGGAGTCACACTGAG-3, and R primer 5-TGTTGGAGATCGTCACCTG-3. As the results, allele T and C were observed, and respective frequencies are 0.35 and 0.65. Three genotypes of HSP90AB1 gene were found namely CC, CT, and TT. The respective genotype frequency is 0.1, 0.5, and 0.4. According to Hardy-Weinberg analysis, the population is in equilibrium (P>0.05). It is concluded that CT genotype and T allele are the highest frequency in the sampled population. Further study needs to be performed to associate the genotype and allele variation to productivity trait of local dairy cattle.