Modeling Human Peri-implantation Placental Development and Function

It is very difficult to gain a better understanding of the events in human pregnancy that occur during and just after implantation because such pregnancies are not yet clinically detectable. Animal models of human placentation are inadequate. In vitro models that utilize immortalized cell lines and cells derived from trophoblast cancers have multiple limitations. Primary cell and tissue cultures often have limited lifespans and cannot be obtained from the peri-implantation period. We present here two contemporary models of human peri-implantation placental development: extended blastocyst culture and stem-cell derived trophoblast culture. We discuss current research efforts that employ these models and how such models might be used in the future to study the “black box” stage of human pregnancy.

Growing human trophoblasts in vitro: a review of the media commonly used in trophoblast cell culture

Trophoblasts are unique epithelial cells found only in the placenta. It has been possible to isolate and maintain human trophoblasts in in vitro culture for many decades. During this period there have been a vast array of media and supplements reported for trophoblast culture and often the reasons for using the media and specific supplements employed in any given laboratory have been lost in the ‘mists of time’. After a gradual development over many years this field has recently changed, with the publication of several reports of the isolation, growth and differentiation of human trophoblast stem or stem-like cells. This advance was made largely because of a greater understanding of the molecular pathways that control human trophoblasts and availability of media supplements that can be used to manipulate those pathways. We have searched the literature and here summarise many of the different media and supplements and describe how and why they were developed and are used to culture human trophoblasts.

PENGARUH POLIFENOL TEH HIJAU TERHADAP PRODUKSI TNF-A (TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR-A) PADA KULTUR SEL TROFOBLAS MANUSIA YANG DIPAPAR GLUKOSA TINGGI 33 Mm

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of green tea polyphenol to TNF-á production on human trophoblast cell culture exposed by 33 mM glucose. Trophoblast culture isolated from human fetal placental tissue by sectio caessaria. Monolayer trophoblast cells that had been incubated for 3 days at 5% CO2; 37°C were divided into 2 groups: (1) normal glucose (5 mM) and (2) glucose 33 mM exposure, both divided into 2 sub groups: (a) without green tea polyphenol treatment, and (b) green tea polyphenol treatment 0,1; 0,2; and 0;4 mg/ml. Cells incubated for 3 days at 5% CO2; 37°C then analyzed cytotrophoblast cells characteristic. TNF-á level was measured by ELISA and analyzed with oneway ANOVA. Immunocytochemistry showed the number of cells that expressed TNF-á then analyzed descriptively. The results of this study showed that TNF-á level at 0,1; 0,2; and 0,4 mg/ml polyphenol were 2804,333 ñg/mL; 2513,222 ñg/ml; and 2739,889 ñg/ml respectively compared with 2739,889 ñg/mL normal glucose without polyphenol, and 2721,000 ñg/mL; 2612,111 ñg/mL; and 2566,555 ñg/mL compared with 2621,000 ñg/mL glucose 33 mM exposure without polyphenol. Number of cells that expressed TNF-á with 0,1; 0,2; and 0,4 mg/ml polyphenol treatment were 0%; 2%; and 5,5% compared with 0% normal glucose without polyphenol, and 82%; 0%; and 0% compared with 3% glucose 33 mM exposure without polyphenol. Green tea polyphenol exposure for 3 days at 0,1; 0,2; and 0,4 mg/ml didn’t significantly affect the decreasing of TNF-á production. Keywords: GDM, green tea, polyphenol, TNF-á, trophoblast

Human Trophoblast Cells Are Permissive to the Complete Replicative Cycle of Human Cytomegalovirus

ABSTRACT Human trophoblast cells were permissively infected by human cytomegalovirus. The kinetics of viral immediate-early, early, and late gene expression was clearly delayed compared to that in fibroblasts. Productive infection was unequivocally proven by the detection of virion particles, infectious virus in trophoblast culture supernatant, and cell-to-cell spread of cytomegalovirus from infected trophoblasts to uninfected fibroblasts. These observations indicate that infected trophoblasts may be involved in maternofetal transmission of human cytomegalovirus.