Changes in the breeding avifauna of Lviv residential part from the period since 2006 till 2018 years

The analysis of breeding avifauna changes has been performed on the base of field studies that took place in residential parts of the Lviv city in 2006-2007 and 2017-2018 breeding seasons. Nowadays 84 breeding species were recorded in the Lviv city. The number of local species in bird population significantly decreased from 51 in 2007 to 41 in 2018. It shows the reduction of some species number together with the growth of their diversity (from 73 to 81) and significant increase in population from 443,0 to 581,6 pairs/10 ha. During 12 years 70 species constantly remain in the fauna. Three species disappeared from nesting, and 11 had appeared. Seven of them appeared for the first time: Marsh Tit, Hooded Crow, Hoopoe, Little Bittern, White-backed Woodpecker, Stonechat, Coal Tit. Four came back to the city for nesting after absence in 2006-2007 years: Partridge, Black Woodpecker, Tree Pipit, Pied Flycatcher. The number of 9 species did not change during the period of the study. 29 species demonstrate decrease of the number and 32 - increase. The main reasons of the number changes were divided into 5 groups: 1) changes in geographical scales or the expansion (peculiar for 3 species), 2) synurbization (29 species), 3) general population changes (38 species) і 4) local environmental changes (45 species), 5) unknown reasons (7). Several reasons worked together for 33 species.

[On the presence of Willow Tit Poecile montanus in the Central Apennines]

[Since the mid Fifties data have been published stating the presence of a Willow Tit population on the Central Apennines. The Authors, after controlling all available information and comparing them with the morphological and eco-ethological features of the species, hypothesize that all Willow Tit recorded observations relate instead to Marsh Tit, concluding that no Willow Tit populations were ever recorded in the area]. [Article in Italian]

Interspecific Agression of the Passerine Birds (Aves, Passeriformes) on Watering Places in Wood-and-Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Study of aggressive behavior of different species of birds in various places of the Wood-and-Steppe Zone of Ukraine with the methods of continuous logging and total surveillance revealed that aggression manifestation of birds in different territories are similar. Ratings of successive interactions among aggressive species in different areas are evaluated. According to the ratings, four types of birds position in the ranking were allocated and the species always holding to them in any area are established. The Blackbird is always dominating, whereas the Blue Tit and Treecreeper occupy a subordinate position. The Nuthatch, Greenfinch, Chaffinch, Marsh Tit, Great Tit, and Blackcap are characterized by active successful attack, but have low defense rating. These results can be used in analyzing the adaptation of certain bird species in communities and their success in competitive interactions in different areas.

Förändringar av häckfåglar på en sydsmåländsk gård från 1970- till 2010-talet

I compare the number of breeding birds of a 70 ha farm in a forest region of southern Sweden between the 1970s and the 2010s. The most important habitat change was replacement of 25 hectares 100 years old mixed forest by spruce plantation. Stands dominated by deciduous trees only grew older, and pastures were grazed by cattle both periods. More species decreased than increased, especially residents and tropical migrants decreased. For short distance migrants, the number of decreasing species were balanced by a similar number of increasing species. The density change of most species could be attributed to the replacement of the old mixed forest by the spruce plantation. Species preferring deciduous forest had much higher densities in the study plot than the regional averages. Two deciduous forest species, Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and Marsh Tit Poecile palustris declined strongly, the latter possibly due to competition from the increasing Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus. The Starling Sturnus vulgaris and the Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis stands out as drastically decreasing much more than local habitat changes can explain.