Legal Reasoning of Credit on Buying and Selling Gold: Mapping The Debate on 'Ilath Al-Hukm

This paper is intended to identify the law of buying and selling gold legally. Credit and understand the illat stated to the law. The approach used in this study is more of a normative and legal juridical approach, where the study of secondary sources in the form of books, open books, and articles is carried out to obtain answers to the formulation of the problem. In general, this study has identified that gold transactions on credit among Mashab scholars are haram-mutlaq, with the illat that gold is a Ribawi commodity and is mutlaq tsammaniyah. In contrast to Ibn Taimiyah and Ibn Qayyim and the DSN-MUI fatwa, which allows it as long as gold is not used as a price or money.

Books at the Borders of Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

This paper proposes that Picasso’s landmark 1907 painting, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, is full of images of books and pages, especially at the borders of the canvas. The curving shapes which are traditionally seen as “curtains” can alternatively be interpreted as the white pages and brown paper wrappers of open books, rotated 90 degrees. This “visual marginalia” suggests that Picasso’s famous brothel scene could be regarded as a semiotic construction, befitting the painting’s early title (devised by Picasso’s writer friends), “The Philosophical Brothel”. The painting also contains iconographic representations of textuality. A slightly open book can be perceived in the middle of the painting, and along the bottom border, an open envelope and writing paper can be seen laid atop the tipped-up table, under the fruit. I claim that Picasso’s images of texts derive from his acquaintance with the text-driven, monumental novel, Don Quixote. I give special attention to the narrative Author’s Preface to the Spanish literary classic, in which the author describes assembling quotations from diverse sources to compose the first and last pages of his book. Picasso visually represents this allusion by depicting pages at the left and right “ends” of his canvas. Other texts and images are considered as sources for the bibliographic imagery, which generally suggests that this canvas as a fictive tissue of quotations, akin to the overabundance of texts that Don Quixote is reading in Cervantes’s novel. The image of the blank writing paper and its envelope, finally, encourages viewers to see the painting as a letter of communication, for which we ourselves must provide the writing that would represent our interpretations.

How Classical, Super and Quantum Computers Work

In this presentation I will explain how Classical computers, Super computers and Quantum computers work and compare them to one another. Bibliography [1] “Computer Basics: What Is a Computer?” GCFGlobal.org, edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/what-is-a-computer/1/. [2] “Computers for /The Basics.” Computers for Beginners/The Basics - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World, en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computers_for_Beginners/The_Basics[3] Fisher, Chris, and Eric Abenojar. “IBM: What Is Quantum Computing?” IBM Quantum, 2 Apr. 2009, www.ibm.com/quantum-computing/learn/what-is-quantum-computing/. [4] Gunter, Elsa L. "Computer." World Book Student, World Book, 2020, worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar127860/Cpu[5] Chubb, Jennifer C. "Quantum computing." World Book Student, World Book, 2020, worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar757070/quantum%20computers[6] Australian Research Council Gate based Quantum Computers. University of Bristol (Quantum in the Cloud Documentation}Center for Quantum Computing and Communication Technology University of New South Wales (http://www.cqc2t.org/)[7] University of Science and Technology (China) China hits milestone in developing quantum computer[8] Author’s in-person interviews with three IBM researchers at IBM Watson Quantum computers research center, Yorktwon Heights, NY, USA

Steady Euler flows and Beltrami fields in high dimensions

Using open books, we prove the existence of a non-vanishing steady solution to the Euler equations for some metric in every homotopy class of non-vanishing vector fields of any odd-dimensional manifold. As a corollary, any such field can be realized in an invariant submanifold of a contact Reeb field on a sphere of high dimension. The solutions constructed are geodesible and hence of Beltrami type, and can be modified to obtain chaotic fluids. We characterize Beltrami fields in odd dimensions and show that there always exist volume-preserving Beltrami fields which are neither geodesible nor Euler flows for any metric. This contrasts with the three-dimensional case, where every volume-preserving Beltrami field is a steady Euler flow for some metric. Finally, we construct a non-vanishing Beltrami field (which is not necessarily volume-preserving) without periodic orbits in every manifold of odd dimension greater than three.