Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Is Associated With Secondary Caries Independent From the Restorative Material

Certain patients, despite receiving proper treatment, still show higher failure rates of restorative dental treatments. The aim of this work was to test if MMP2 and MMP3 alleles are overrepresented in individuals with secondary caries. A total of 1,089 individuals from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository project were selected for this study. From this total, 341 individuals were selected for having a record of secondary caries in any type of restoration and were matched with 748 individuals by sex, age, ethnicity, and restorative work in the same teeth that did not fail. Genomic DNA extracted from saliva was used to obtain genotypes in five markers of MMP2 and MMP3 using TaqMan chemistry and end-point analysis. Chi-square was used to test if differences in allele and genotype distributions were statistically different at an alpha of 0.05. The less common allele and homozygote genotype of MMP2 rs9923304 were less commonly found among individuals with secondary caries. The less common allele of MMP2 rs2287074 was also less frequent among individuals with secondary caries. These results provide statistical evidence for the role of MMP2 in failure of restorations due to secondary caries. We can conclude that MMP2 variation impacts the risk of having secondary caries, independent of the restorative material.

Capitalism as a space of reasons: Analytic, neo-Hegelian Marxism?

I suggest that we can read Marx in the light of recent analytic, neo-Hegelian thought. I summarize the Pittsburgh School philosophers’ claims about the myth of the given, the claim that human experience is conceptual all the way out, and that we live in a space of reasons. I show how Hegel has been read in those terms, and then apply that reading of Hegel to Marx’s argument that capital is akin to what Hegel called Geist, or spirit. We can understand capitalism as a space of reasons that is contradictory: while the space of reasons is supposed to make human freedom possible, our space of reasons makes freedom impossible. Reading Marx in this way is helpful, because it avoids the flaws of analytical Marxism, existentialism and structuralism. However, it raises a large problem of its own: Can the theory of the space of reasons be applied to a society that is not free of alienation? I argue that it can, but only in ways that would not satisfy the analytic neo-Hegelians themselves.

Development of a required longitudinal residency experience focused on deprescribing

Purpose In this article we describe a novel required longitudinal experience focused on deprescribing designed for postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) geriatric pharmacy residents. This experience was embedded within a clinical pharmacist–driven deprescribing service. Insights on challenges faced and benefits gained during the first offering are also highlighted. Summary Through collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (UPMC) Palliative and Supportive Institute and the UPMC St. Margaret PGY2 geriatric pharmacy residency program, a year-long required deprescribing-focused experience was developed and executed. The experience was aligned with the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists’ standard goals and objectives and was designed to focus and evaluate 3 skills necessary for all pharmacy practitioners: empathy, critical thinking, and communication. There is a need for proactive deprescribing initiatives to reduce the unnecessary burden and cost associated with potentially inappropriate medications for older patients. Focused deprescribing experiences can better equip pharmacist learners with the ability to lead these initiatives. Conclusion A required longitudinal deprescribing-focused experience can provide PGY2 geriatric pharmacy residents with opportunities to practice empathy, critical thinking, and communication beyond those typically offered in a residency program.

Front Matter

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS1. The Journal invites the submission of unsolicited manuscripts. Submissions and correspondence concerning publications should be addressed to Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Law and Commerce, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Barco Law Building, 3900 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.2. The Journal requests that manuscripts be accompanied by an abstract of not more than 200 words describing the contents of the article.3. Footnotes should conform to The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th ed. 2015).4. All manuscripts, including footnotes and abstracts, should be typed and submitted directly to the website.Published twice yearly: Fall, SpringAnnual Subscription Rate: U.S. ‑ $20.00; Foreign ‑ $25.00Internet Address: http://jlc.law.pitt.edu/E-mail Address: [email protected] copies of Volume 36 are $11.00 and may be ordered from the Business Manager, Journal of Law and Commerce, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Barco Law Building, 3900 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.Volumes 1 through 35 may be ordered from William S. Hein & Co., Inc., 1285 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14209; (800) 828-7571.If subscription is to be discontinued at expiration, notice to that effect should be sent to the Journal office, otherwise it will be renewed.

Front Matter

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS1. The Journal invites the submission of unsolicited manuscripts. Submissions and correspondence concerning publications should be addressed to Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Law and Commerce, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Barco Law Building, 3900 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.2. The Journal requests that manuscripts be accompanied by an abstract of not more than 200 words describing the contents of the article.3. Footnotes should conform to The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th ed. 2015).4. All manuscripts, including footnotes and abstracts, should be typed and submitted directly to the website.Published twice yearly: Fall, SpringAnnual Subscription Rate: U.S. ‑ $20.00; Foreign ‑ $25.00Internet Address: http://jlc.law.pitt.edu/E-mail Address: [email protected] copies of Volume 36 are $11.00 and may be ordered from the Business Manager, Journal of Law and Commerce, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Barco Law Building, 3900 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.Volumes 1 through 35 may be ordered from William S. Hein & Co., Inc., 1285 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14209; (800) 828-7571.If subscription is to be discontinued at expiration, notice to that effect should be sent to the Journal office, otherwise it will be renewed.

Hermenéutica, autonomía y experiencia en la estética alemana contemporánea. A propósito de El arte como praxis humana. Una estética de Georg Bertram.

A dos años de su publicación original (Kunst als menschliche Praxis. Eine Asthetik, 2014) ingresa por primera vez, en manos de la excelente traducción de José Francisco Zuñiga García, un libro completo de Georg Bertram. Este profesor alemán de filosofía de la Freien Universitat Berlin cuenta con una productividad destacada como sorprendente, pues atraviesa diversos campos y tradiciones de discusión filosófica con cierta comodidad. Bertram puede discutir tanto con la tradición analítica como con los herederos de la tradición crítica de la estética alemana (Albrecht Wellmer, Martin Seel, Christoph Menke) y las fuentes de la hermenéutica contemporánea. Probablemente, este hecho tenga que ver con su trayectoria intelectual y formativa que, como bien indica la edición de esta colección de estética de la editorial española Comares, el autor ha investigado al lado de pensadores provenientes de muy diversas corrientes de pensamiento, desde Martin Seel u Odo Marquard hasta los circuitos académicos de Pittsburgh orientados por John McDowell. Esto último es evidente en la reconstrucción de Kant y Hegel que Bertram realiza en los capítulos dos y tres de este texto. Los trabajos de los llamados “neohegelianos de Pittsburgh” o Pittsburgh School (John McDowell, Robert Brandom, Robert Pippin, Terry Pinkard) se vuelven visibles en el análisis de los idealistas alemanes.

Pragmatist Innovations, Actual and Proposed

This chapter advances a reading of Dewey’s oeuvre in a way that confirms the perceptible convergence of the views of the Classic Pragmatists (Dewey, Peirce, James), over their entire careers, that depends on Dewey’s own innovations as well as borrowings from Peirce and James. The general drift of the movement is discussed in terms of the preference of flux over fixity, the deep informality of inquiry and judgment, Darwinian and post-Darwinian treatments of the continuum of the animal and the human, the treatment of the epistemological problem in terms inherently opposed to Kantian transcendentalism and Fregean rationalism, the abandonment of teleologism, essentialism, and fixities of any substantive or methodological kind. The chapter features especially the instrumental use of changing experience; the meaning of “the two logics” thesis that Dewey and Peirce share; the strengthening confrontation between pragmatism and rationalism; and the encounter with the so-called pragmatist features of the Pittsburgh School.