REMOVALS OF CHAIN-LIKE AND PIN-LIKE ALGAE BY POSITIVELY CHARGED BUBBLE FLOTATION

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of positive ferric-bubble on behaviors of chain-like and pin-like algae (i.e. Phormidium specie (sp.) and Nitzchia pungens, respectively). Two selected algae were cultured in a laboratory under the certain conditions. At stationary phase, algae were below 4 μm in diameter and in the range of 50 ~ 100 μm for chain-like algae, of 20 – 35 μm for pin-like shape in length; with negatively charged at cultivated conditions (pH from 6.5 to 9). Positive ferric-bubbles were generated by adding coagulants (as Fe3+) and were injected at a pressure of 5 bars with a bubble rate of 30 % into a 10 L-acryl made reactor with algal-containing tap water. Removal efficiencies were assessed by the cells number, Chlorophyll a reduction and the morphological changes (i.e. cell structure). For cells number, about 90 % of both algae were removed whilst pin-like algae obtained the higher reduction of Chlorophyll a, showing by 92 % in comparison with about 85 % of chain-like shape. The breakup of algal morphologies occurred for chain-like cells only. The structure of filaments affects performance of positively charged bubble flotation.

Understanding the Pleurevac

The infant nonmetered Pleurevac was studied under laboratory conditions. Evacuation of a spirometer was measured at various negative pressures through the infant thoracostomy tubes routinely used in the clinical setting. In addition, a tension pneumothorax model was designed, and factors affecting its evacuation rate were studied. In accordance with Poiseuille's law, the evacuation rate was proportional to the negative pressure applied to the thoracostomy tube, and the radius of the tube. The airflow rate (bubble rate) through the Pleurevac was found to be of minor importance in affecting evacuation.