A Statistical Analysis for the Accessibility of Electronic Data Delivery System of the Central Bank of the Turkish Republic

The study aims to reveal the most effective factors on the accessibility statistics of the Electronic Data Delivery System (EDDS) of The Central Bank of The Turkish Republic. Besides, another aim is to reveal the effect of the exchange rate on the access statistics of EDDS exchange rate data. For this purpose, a stepwise regression model was used to find the most effective factors on accessibility statistics. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis, it was revealed that 9 out of 26 variables significantly affected the EDDS access statistics. Engle-Granger cointegration test was chosen as the method to examine the relationship between exchange rate and EDDS access statistics. It has been revealed that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the EURO/TRY exchange rate and the access statistics of EDDS exchange rate data.

Free-Living Gait Cadence Measured by Wearable Accelerometers for Assessing Fall Risk

Accelerometers are widespread in research applications, yet whether they are superior to structured clinic-based assessments is unknown. Using negative binomial regression, we compared traditional in-clinic measures of mobility (6-minute gait cadence, speed, and distance, and 4-meter gait speed) with free-living gait cadence from wrist accelerometers (Actigraph GT9X) in predicting fall rates in 432 older adults (age 77.29±5.46 yrs, 59.1% men, 80.2% White) participating in the Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You (STURDY). Accelerometry-based gait cadence was estimated with the Adaptive Empirical Pattern Transformation algorithm. Across all participants, every 10 steps/min higher cadence was associated with a 13.2% lower fall rate (p=0.036). Mobility measures were not related to falls (p>0.05). Among higher-functioning participants (cadence ≥100 steps/min), every 10 steps/min higher free-living cadence (p=0.01) was associated with a 27.7% lower fall rate. Data collected from accelerometers may provide a more sensitive indicator of fall risk than in-clinic tests.

The Tyme Wear Smart Shirt is Reliable and Valid at Detecting Personalized Ventilatory Thresholds in Recreationally Active Individuals

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the Tyme Wear smart shirt is as reliable and valid in detecting personalized ventilatory thresholds when compared to the Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400. In this validation study, 19 subjects were recruited to conduct two graded exercise test (GXT) trials. Each GXT trial was separated by seven to ten days of rest. During the GXT, gas exchange and heart rate data were collected by the TrueOne 2400 (TRUE) in addition to the ventilation data collected by the Tyme Wear smart shirt (S-PRED). Gas exchange data from TRUE was used to detect VT1 and VT2. TRUE and S-PRED VT1 and VT2 were compared to determine the reliability and validity of the smart shirt. Of the 19 subjects, data from 15 subjects were used during analysis. S-PRED exhibited excellent (ICC > 0.90) reliability for detection of VT1 and VT2 utilizing time point and workload and moderate (0.90 > ICC > 0.75 ) reliability utilizing heart rate. TRUE exhibited excellent reliability for detection of VT1 and VT2 utilizing time point, workload, and heart rate. When compared to TRUE, S-PRED appears to underestimate the VT1 workload (p > 0.05) across both trials and heart rate (p < 0.05) for trial 1. However, S-PRED appears to underestimate VT2 workload (p < 0.05) and heart rate (p < 0.05) across both trials. The result from this study suggests that the Tyme Wear smart shirt is less valid but is comparable in reliability when compared to the gold standard. Moreover, despite the underestimation of S-PRED VT1 and VT2, the S-PRED detected personalized ventilatory thresholds will provide an adequate training workload for most individuals. In conclusion, the Tyme Wear smart shirt provides easily accessible testing to establish threshold-guided training zones but does not devalue the long-standing laboratory equivalent.

Dynamic Reservoir Analysis of Corrib Field Surveillance Data Through the Use of Advanced Deconvolution Techniques

This paper presents an analysis of the Corrib field surveillance dynamic pressure and rate data. The Corrib field, on production since December 2015, is a gas reservoir developed with six wells. The field static gas initially in place (GIIP) is around 1.2 Tcf of dry gas and the reservoir is comprised of a complex heterogeneous sandstone consisting of a high net to gross sequence of low sinuosity braided fluvial channel, sheet sand, playa and sandflat facies of varying reservoir quality (from single to hundreds of millidarcys) with an abundance of mapped faults. The dynamic reservoir analysis approach used in this study is based on a form of pressure-rate deconvolution that has been presented in an earlier paper SPE-195441 for the Tamar field, Israel. The pressure transient analysis (PTA) software that implements this analysis capability handles both singlewell and multi-well analysis problems. From a preliminary review of Corrib field dynamic behavior, it was concluded that this field data can be analyzed using single-well pressure-rate deconvolution applied to the data of each reservoir well separately. This contrasts with the Tamar field that required a true multiwell deconvolution analysis approach. Different approaches in these cases are dictated by the differences in reservoir architecture, geology, offtake strategy and the character of connectivity across these two fields. There are several pressure-rate deconvolution algorithms implemented in different PTA software tools used in the industry. All these algorithms implement a form of automatic regression and are sensitive to the quality of pressure and rate data that serve as input into the deconvolution algorithm. These automatic algorithms are often not robust enough to be used with surveillance type data acquired during long term production operations. The deconvolution approach used in this work is not automatic and, as a result, the deconvolution results are not as sensitive to the data quality. Rather, it relies on specialized software that facilitates manual reconstruction of constant rate drawdown responses. This human approach in combination with specialized software allows an engineer not to just reconstruct a drawdown response but to "explore" the pressure and rate data to develop significant insights of the dynamic reservoir behavior. This deeper understanding is an additional advantage over automated techniques and is the purpose of reservoir analysis. The Corrib field analysis discussed in this paper is a demonstration of what can be achieved using this combination of human intelligence and specialized software tools. Demonstration of the workflow used for manual reconstruction of deconvolved response functions and the role of the specialized software used that implements this workflow is explained. In the course of this reconstruction, an "exploration" process of trying to reconstruct the transient pressure behavior reflected in the data is engaged/utilized. Once reconstructed, this response is interpreted in terms of reservoir and well properties. The end result of this investigation is a deep understanding of the Corrib gas field dynamic behavior not easily obtained from conventional PTA methods. For example, it shows that early production data clearly exhibit signs of interference between wells. However, once the field production drops off the plateau period and the well production starts to decline, the six producing wells dynamically divide the reservoir into separate drainage areas and the well interference in a way "disappears" - the wells behave as if each of them produces from its own drainage compartment. This allows pressure rate deconvolution on a single-well basis, based on each compartment instead of using multi-well deconvolution on the field as a whole. The pore volume of each such compartment is reflected in the late time pressure behavior of the respective drawdown response associated with the well data. The sum of these individual pore volumes per well in the field yields the total pore volume connected to the wells that is supported by the reservoir dynamic behavior. These insights are reinforced by the use of synthetic models to provide clarity and understanding of the drainage compartment theory used during Corrib analysis.

Rates of primary production in groundwater rival those in oligotrophic marine systems

The terrestrial subsurface contains nearly all of Earth's freshwater reserves and harbors upwards of 60% of our planet's total prokaryotic biomass. While genetic surveys suggest these organisms rely on in situ carbon fixation, rather than the translocation of photosynthetically derived organic carbon, corroborating measurements of carbon fixation in the subsurface are absent. Using a novel ultra-low level 14C-labeling technique, we show that in situ carbon fixation rates in a carbonate aquifer reached 10% of the median rates measured in oligotrophic marine surface waters, and were up to six-fold greater than those observed in lower euphotic zone waters where deep chlorophyll levels peak. Empirical carbon fixation rates were substantiated by both nitrification and anammox rate data. Metagenomic analyses revealed a remarkable abundance of putative chemolithoautotrophic members of an uncharacterized order of Nitrospiria - the first representatives of this class expected to fix carbon via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Based on these fixation rates, we extrapolate global primary production in carbonate groundwaters to be 0.11 Pg of carbon per year.

SISTEM MONITORING REALTIME DETAK JANTUNG DAN KADAR OKSIGEN DALAM DARAH PADA MANUSIA BERBASIS IoT (INTERNET of THINGS)

Heart rate and oxygen levels in the blood are very important for medical personnel to know the patient's health condition, with the existing real-time of heart rate monitoring system and oxygen levels in the blood based on IoT, it can facilitate the workload of medical personnel. This tool uses the Max30100 sensor to detect heart rate and oxygen levels in the blood and NodeMCU ESP8266 as controlling and sending sensor data to the IoT platform on android and PC wirelessly. The results of sending heart rate data and oxygen levels in the blood on Blynk and web servers have an error alignment average of 1.7% and 0%. and measurements have an average of 87 bpm and 96% of SpO2 in adolescents 20-24 years with the results of the measurements indicate the patient's condition is normal.

The Readiness Index for Climate Change Adaptation in Africa: The Role of Climate and Adaptive Capacity Proxies

As global changes continue, the repercussions in Africa remain profound. This is reflected notably in food and water crises across Africa. This work examines the readiness of Africa to climate change adaptation through a newly developed readiness index (ClimAdaptCap Index). In fact, this work shifts the readiness debate from emotional descriptions that currently flood academic scholarship to a more pragmatic evidence-based approach in assessing readiness. Readiness for climate change adaptation is driven by the intensity of climate forcing and adaptive capacity. The historical climate score data or precipitation and temperature for the period 1991–2016 were culled from the World Bank Climate Portal. The historical adaptive capacity score data included proxies such as poverty and literacy rates from 1991 to 2016 were collected from the World Bank and Macrotrends. The climate data were normalized using the normalization function to enhance interpretation, comparison, and fusion into the index. Missing poverty and literacy rate data were estimated by linear interpolation of the poverty and literacy rate data. The ClimAdaptCap Index was developed to compute readiness. This index is the first of its kind and will serve as a flagship for assessing readiness for climate change adaptation as it is highly adaptable to different contexts. This work’s first-ever maps of readiness show that North and Southern Africa are the readiest for climate change adaptation under historical climate and literacy and poverty conditions. West Africa is the least ready while Middle and East Africa are in the middle. Consistent is that readiness has a positive correlation with literacy rates and an inverse one with poverty rates. In addition, with readiness scores of between 0.35 and 0.39 for all the regions with a maximum potential score of 1, this work has shown that the level of readiness in Africa is generally low, and there is a very small variation between the different regions. In addition, climate change adaptation will highly be influenced by both climatic and non-climatic indicators. The developed readiness index adequately simulates readiness to climate change adaptation in Africa and complements previous frameworks of adaptation preparedness.