skew deviation
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2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Bharath Kumar Surisetti ◽  
Vikram Venkappayya Holla ◽  
Shweta Prasad ◽  
Koti Neeraja ◽  
Nitish Kamble ◽  
...  

Objective Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare syndrome characterized by ataxia and the molar tooth sign (MTS) on imaging. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiological features in a cohort of patients with JS.Methods This was a retrospective chart review of patients with JS evaluated by movement disorder specialists.Results Nine patients were included in the study. All patients had facial dysmorphism and ocular abnormalities, and 4 patients had dystonia. Ocular tilt reaction and alternate skew deviation (66%) were the most common ocular abnormalities. Horizontally aligned superior cerebellar peduncles were observed in all four patients with diffusion tensor imaging, with a lack of decussation in three. Exome sequencing performed in four patients revealed novel variants in the MKS1, CPLANE1, and PIBF1 genes.Conclusion Facial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities and classical imaging findings were observed in all patients with JS. Apart from ataxia, dystonia and myoclonus are other movement disorders observed in JS.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Diayanti Tenti Lestari ◽  
Hanik Badriyah Hidayati

Introduction: Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is characterized by rapid onset of vertigo, nausea and vomiting, and gait unsteadiness in association with head motion intolerance and nystagmus, lasting days to weeks. Although the majority of AVS patients have acute peripheral vestibulopathy, some may also have brainstem or cerebellar strokes. Cerebellar infarctions sometimes only cause vertigo. The Head Impulse Test, skew deviation, and nystagmus testing provide for great sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between peripheral vestibular impairment and stroke. Case: A 41-year-old male patient suffered from acute-onset vertigo and dizziness about 5 hours before admission, which started when he started doing his morning routine. Patients also feel gait unsteadiness and almost fall to the left side. There was no weakness in extremities, skew face or slurred speech. Patient's neurological status showed the cerebellar examination was positive left dysmetria, left dysdiadochokinesia, the Romberg test open eye fell to the left, normal Head Impulse Test (HIT), with horizontal bidirectional nystagmus and negative skew deviation test. Cerebellum infarction was discovered using computed tomography imaging. After passing through the acute stroke period, patients are offered symptomatic therapy in the form of betahistine, antiplatelet medication, and vestibular rehabilitation planning. On the tenth day after the onset, the patient's symptoms began to improve. Conclusion: Proper diagnosis of acute vestibular syndrome will guide the necessary tests. The HINTS oculomotor test at the bedside can detect acute vestibular stroke. Keywords: acute vestibular syndrome, vertigo, cerebellum, HINTS


Author(s):  
Athanasia Korda ◽  
Ewa Zamaro ◽  
Franca Wagner ◽  
Miranda Morrison ◽  
Marco Domenico Caversaccio ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective Skew deviation results from a dysfunction of the graviceptive pathways in patients with an acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) leading to vertical diplopia due to vertical ocular misalignment. It is considered as a central sign, however, the prevalence of skew and the accuracy of its test is not well known . Methods We performed a prospective study from February 2015 until September 2020 of all patients presenting at our emergency department (ED) with signs of AVS. All patients underwent clinical HINTS and video test of skew (vTS) followed by a delayed MRI, which served as a gold standard for vestibular stroke confirmation. Results We assessed 58 healthy subjects, 53 acute unilateral vestibulopathy patients (AUVP) and 24 stroke patients. Skew deviation prevalence was 24% in AUVP and 29% in strokes. For a positive clinical test of skew, the cut-off of vertical misalignment was 3 deg with a very low sensitivity of 15% and specificity of 98.2%. The sensitivity of vTS was 29.2% with a specificity of 75.5%. Conclusions Contrary to prior knowledge, skew deviation proved to be more prevalent in patients with AVS and occurred in every forth patient with AUVP. Large skew deviations (> 3.3 deg), were pointing toward a central lesion. Clinical and video test of skew offered little additional diagnostic value compared to other diagnostic tests such as the head impulse test and nystagmus test. Video test of skew could aid to quantify skew in the ED setting in which neurotological expertise is not always readily available.


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufan Zhang ◽  
Shufen Chen ◽  
Shenyi Kuang ◽  
Zigao Wang ◽  
Miaoyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Young Joo Park ◽  
Yeon Jeong Lee ◽  
Jae-won Jang ◽  
Yung-Ju Yoo
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Berthold Pemp ◽  
Sabine Koinig ◽  
Karl Kircher ◽  
Christoph Mitsch ◽  
Andreas Reitner

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die vertikale Blickparese (vBP) ist ein typisches Symptom bei Läsionen des dorsalen Mittelhirns. Die klinische Ausprägung der vBP kann dabei stark variieren und im Rahmen eines dorsalen Mittelhirnsyndroms (DMS) mit zusätzlichen Symptomen wie einer Konvergenzparese, einem Konvergenzretraktionsnystagmus, einer verminderten Pupillenreaktion oder einer Skew Deviation vergesellschaftet sein. Je nach Lokalisation und Größe der Läsion kann auch eine Kombination mit weiteren zentralen Motilitätsstörungen vorliegen. Material und Methode Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die Patientendaten unserer neuroophthalmologischen Ambulanz über einen Zeitraum von 25 Jahren nach Fällen mit Einschränkungen konjugierter vertikaler Augenbewegungen durchsucht und hinsichtlich ihrer neuroorthoptischen Befunde und Ätiologien ausgewertet. Resultate Es wurden 202 Patienten mit vBP identifiziert. Das Befundspektrum reichte von einer isolierten Sakkadenstörung nur nach oben bis hin zum kompletten Ausfall aller willkürlichen und reflektorischen vertikalen Augenbewegungen. Nur 12 vBP lagen isoliert vor. Ursächlich war bei 155 Patienten ein DMS, wovon aber nur 18 Fälle dem von Parinaud geprägten Syndrombild (vBP + Konvergenzparese ± Pupillenstörung ohne weitere Symptome) entsprachen; 42 Patienten mit DMS zeigten lediglich eine Sakkadenparese. Der Aufblick war bei DMS insgesamt mehr eingeschränkt als der Abblick. Die häufigsten Begleitsymptome waren eine Konvergenzparese (49 %), Konvergenznystagmus (40 %), Pupillenstörung (32 %), Skew Deviation (21 %) und Blickrichtungsnystagmus (15 %). In 58 Fällen traten weitere zentrale Okulomotorikstörungen auf. Bis zum 18. Lebensjahr war eine vBP bei 58 % der Patienten durch Gehirntumoren bedingt, wohingegen nach dem 60. Lebensjahr neben einem DMS durch Infarkte (41 %) v. a. degenerative Erkrankungen (44 %) ursächlich waren. Schlussfolgerungen Langsame und schnelle Augenbewegungen nach oben und unten werden im Hirnstamm unterschiedlich generiert, geleitet und integriert und können daher bei Läsionen des Mittelhirns verschieden stark gestört sein. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen zudem die enge Lagebeziehung der Zentren für vertikale Augenbewegungen, Konvergenz und Pupillenreaktion im dorsalen Mittelhirn. Die Kombination einer vBP mit weiteren neuroophthalmologischen Diagnosen kann daher eine topografische und ätiologische Zuordnung erleichtern.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Gufoni ◽  
Matteo Vianini ◽  
Augusto Pietro Casani
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-401
Author(s):  
E. Anagnostou ◽  
A. Zachou ◽  
E. Kararizou

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