Comparative characteristics of masticatory muscle tone in patients with compensated and decompensated increased teeth abrasion

Relevance. Increased dental abrasion frequent nosological form of dentistry. In young people, PSZ is less common (6.3%) than in middle-aged people (32.7%), as well as people of older age groups (11.8-20.6%). Among foreign researchers, "rejuvenation" of increased teeth abrasion is noted in many countries, including developed ones. In the UK, in dental clinics, this pathology is 30% among people under 30 years and 42.6% among people 30-50 years, in Sweden – 29.9%, in the United States of America – 25%. To study the tone of the masticatory muscles in patients with various forms of increased teeth abrasion.Material and methods. A myotonometric examination and orthopedic treatment of 185 patients of the second period of adulthood (35-60 years) with increased abrasion of teeth in the clinic of dentistry of St. Petersburg state pediatric medical University.Results. The paper presents qualitative indicators of myotonometry of masticatory muscles in patients with compensated and decompensated increased abrasion of teeth, which are compared with the norm.Conclusion. A characteristic feature of patients with a compensated form of increased teeth abrasion is the absence or slight decrease in the height of the gnatic part of the face and increased functional tone of the masticatory muscles. For decompensated increased teeth abrasion is characterized by a combination of abrasion with a decrease in the height of the lower face and reduced functional tone of the masticatory muscles.

On the Subject of Objects: Four Views on Object Perception and Tool Use

This paper addresses the relation between an agent and its environment, and more specifically, how subjects perceive object/artefacts/tools and their (possible) use. Four different conceptions of the relation between subject and object are compared here: functional tone (von Uexküll), equipment (Heidegger), affordance (Gibson), and entry point (Kirsh). even as these concepts have developed within different disciplines (theoretical biology, philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science) and in very different historical contexts, they are used more or less interchangeably in much of the literature, and typically conflated under the label of ‘affordance’. However, at closer inspection, they turn out to have not only similarities, but also substantial differences, which are identified and discussed here. Given that the relation between subjects and their objects is crucial to understanding human cognition and interaction with tools and technology, as well as robots’ interaction with their environment, we argue that these differences deserve some more attention than they have received so far.

On the Subject of Objects: Four Views on Object Perception and Tool Use

This paper addresses the relation between an agent and its environment, and more specifically, how subjects perceive object/artefacts/tools and their (possible) use. Four different conceptions of the relation between subject and object are compared here: functional tone (von Uexküll), equipment (Heidegger), affordance (Gibson), and entry point (Kirsh). even as these concepts have developed within different disciplines (theoretical biology, philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science) and in very different historical contexts, they are used more or less interchangeably in much of the literature, and typically conflated under the label of ‘affordance’. However, at closer inspection, they turn out to have not only similarities, but also substantial differences, which are identified and discussed here. Given that the relation between subjects and their objects is crucial to understanding human cognition and interaction with tools and technology, as well as robots’ interaction with their environment, we argue that these differences deserve some more attention than they have received so far.