Development and Analysis of a Parallel Structure Mechanism with Slotted Arcuate Guides and a Constant Entry Point

The development and study of new mechanisms of a parallel structure ensuring the constancy of the point of instrument entry into the working area is an urgent task of surgery and scientific medicine. A structural synthesis of a parallel structure mechanism designed for robotic laparoscopic surgery has been performed. The proposed mechanism is equipped with arcuate guides with slots installed on the base perpendicular to each other. At the intersection of the slots, there is a bushing through which a straight shaft connected to the output link moves linearly. This arrangement provides a constant entry point, which allows the developed mechanism to be used in laparoscopic surgery and studies of plasma properties. For this mechanism, the inverse problem of positions has been solved, the working area has been determined, and a 3D model has been developed.

Three-Dimensional Arterial Distribution Over the Midline of the Nasal Bone

Background A comprehensive understanding of arterial variations around the midline of the nose is of great importance for the safety of filler injection. Objectives The aim of the study was to clearly define the 3D location of the arteries along the midline of the nasal bone. Methods The arterial structures overlapping the nasal bone along the midline were observed in seventy-nine cadavers. Results The present study found that 0~3 named arteries per nose segment could be identified. All of the arterial structures were located in or above the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) layer overlapping the nasal bone. The probability of encountering named arteries at five defined points, P1-P5, was 5/79 (6.3%), 4/79 (5.1%), 1/79 (1.3%), 6/79 (7.6%) and 9/79 (11.4%), respectively. The depth of the main arterial trunk was 1.2 ± 0.4 mm, 1.6 ± 0.6 mm, 1.8 ± 0 mm, 1.0 ± 0.4 mm, 0.9 ± 0.5 mm below the skin at P1-P5, respectively. Conclusions We confirmed that sub-SMAS injection along the midline through a needle is anatomically reliable and that a technique with one entry point through the rhinion via a cannula can easily keep the needle sufficiently deep for safe nasal filler injection.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI DAN EFISIENSI PEMASARAN JAMUR MERANG (Volvariella volvacea) DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG

Jamur merang merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang ada di Kabupaten Karawang. Pertumbuhan konsumsi jamur selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Permintaan per hari mencapai 4-10 ton, sementara penawarannya hanya berkisar 4-7 ton. Dengan demikian, komoditas ini sangat potensial untuk meningkatkan pendapatan pelaku agribisnis jamur merang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan yang diterima petani, pola saluran pemasaran dan efisiensi pemasaran jamur merang di Kabupaten Karawang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik penelitian survei. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Sampel ditentukan dengan cara non probabilistik dengan entry point adalah pelaku usaha utama (petani jamur), kemudian dilakukan penelusuran ke depan dan ke belakang (forward and backward) dengan menggunakan snowball sampling untuk mendapatkan sampel pada titik berikutnya. Metode Analisis yang digunakan adalah analaisis pendapatan, marjin pemasaran, keuntungan, farmer share dan efisiensi pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 pola saluran pemasaran jamur merang. Pelaku yang terlibat terdiri dari petani, bandar, pedagang besar, pengecer dan konsumen. Hasil analisis usahatani jamur merang menunjukkan bahwa nilai R/C sebesar 1,98. Nilai R/C >1 menunjukkan bahwa usaha yang dilakukan oleh petani jamur merang layak untuk diusahakan. Ditinjau dari marjin pemasaran, keuntungan, farmers’s share, efisensi pemasaran, semua saluran pemasaran dikategorikan efisien.

Gruzja w polityce Polski w latach 1991−2009

This article focuses on Georgia’s role in Polish foreign policy after the breakup of the Soviet Union. It brings exceptional focus to the period after 2005 and changes in the conception of agreement with Russia based on the ministers of foreign affairs Stefan Meller’s mission for the Eastern policy in the spirit of prometheism. The author concentrates on the analysis of motives behind Georgia’s significant place in Polish foreign policy and interprets the Eastern policy of president Lech Kaczyński and subsequent cabinets after the 2005 election in this aspect. As an entry point for the analysis of the context of intense Polish-Georgian relations after 2005 the author brings up Charles Taylor’s social imaginary concept.

Anatomic Study and Assembled Navigation Template-Assisted Implantation for Anterograde Transpubic Screws

Objective: Research the anatomical parameters of the anterograde transpubic screw corridor and evaluate the safety of anterograde transpubic screw placement assisted by the assembled navigation template.Methods: A total of 50 normal subjects, including 25 males and 25 females, underwent pelvic CT scanning in our hospital from January 2020 to September 2020. A 3D model of the ilium was established. The ilium was divided into zone Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ according to Nakatani classification. The anterograde transpubic screw channel completely passes through zone Ⅰ and Ⅱ to form corridor A. The anterograde screw channel completely passes through zone Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ to form corridor B. The diameter and length of the inner circle, the distance from the center of the inner circle to the posterior superior and to the inferior iliac spine of corridor A and corridor B were measured, respectively. A total of 9 patients underwent anterograde transpubic screw and transverse sacroiliac screw placement assisted by the assembled navigation template in our hospital, including 5 males and 4 females, were retrospectively analyzed. Operative time, blood loss, incision length and fluoroscopy times were recorded. Grading score and Matta score were evaluated after surgery.Results: In 50 normal subjects, the diameter of corridor A was 11.16±2.13 mm, and that of corridor B was 8.54±1.52mm, and the difference between the two corridors was statistically significant (P=0.000). The length of corridor A was 86.39±9.35 mm, and that of corridor B was 117.05±5.91 mm, with significant difference between the two corridors (P=0.000). The surface distance from the screw entry point to the posterior superior iliac spine in corridor A was 109.31± 11.06mm, and that in corridor B was 127.86± 8.23mm, the difference between the two corridors was statistically significant (P=0.000). The surface distance from the screw entry point to the posterior inferior iliac spine in corridor A was 91.16±10.34 mm, and that in corridor B was 106.92±7.91 mm. The difference between the two corridors was statistically significant (P=0.000). Nine patients successfully completed surgery, and a total of 18 sacroiliac transverse screws and 11 anterograde transpubic screws were inserted with the assistance of assembled navigation templates. The mean operation time of the 9 patients was 108.75±25.71 min, the blood loss was 141.11±50.21 ml, the incision length was 14±4.62 cm, and the intraoperative fluoroscopy was 17.89±4.01 times. Matta scores were excellent in 5 patients and good in 4 patients. One of the anterograde transpubic screw was in Grade 1, and 10 were in Grade 0. One S1 screw was in Grade 1, and 8 S1 screws were in Grade 0. Nine S2 screws were in Grade 0.Conclusions: Majority of the patients can accommodate anterograde transpubic screw s with diameter of 6.5 mm. Anterograde transpubic screw placement assisted by an assembled navigation template is clinically feasible, and with low cortical breaches.

Medicine, God, and the Unseen in Eleventh/Seventeenth-Century Morocco

In the late seventeenth century, the head of the Salihiyya Sufi lodge in the far south of Morocco, Abu al-ʿAbbas Sidi Ahmad al-Salihi al-Dar‘i (d. 1144/1731), wrote a poem of over a thousand lines on medicine, a long composition that went on to enjoy great popularity. The Worthy Gift of Medicine (al-Hadiya al-maqbula fi l-tibb) drew on a wide range of sources, including the Arab-Galenic tradition and Prophetic medicine, and in the fashion of the time, al-Salihi wrote a long commentary to fully explain it. Al-Salihi’s medical writings thus provide a productive entry point into the nature of medical writing and practice in early modern Morocco, as well as the historiographical narratives that have structured the ways in which they have been studied.

On the question of carcinogenesis in superinvasive opisthorchiasis

Retrospective analysis of foreign literature present in PubMed was carried out with the purpose to define possible influence of superinvasive opisthorchiasis on possible development of cholangiocellular carcinoma. After the research we conclude that O. Felineus doesn’t have an entry point during the initiation stage of carcinogenesis but rather acts as a promotor of cholangiocarcinoma (СС), and therefore cannot be considered a primary cause of the disease without additional influence of another carcinogens and specific factors that increase the probability of cholangiocarcinoma development (chronic inflammation, free radicals). Keywords: superinvasive opisthorchiasis, parasitism, immune system, carcinogenesis.

A Paradoxical Convergence: National Identity and Gender in 'The Topp Twins' Exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum

<p>In May 2017, there was a strange convergence inside Palmerston North’s Te Manawa museum. As visitors arrived on the first floor, they were left with two options. Turn left for the New Zealand Rugby Museum, or turn right for an exhibition on Jools and Lynda Topp. Left for masculinist rugby history. Right for radical activist lesbians. While both exhibitions have very different subject matter, themes of gender and national identity are prevalent within them both. Using this convergence as an entry point, this thesis considers the ways national identity and gender are put on display within the permanent exhibition at the New Zealand Rugby Museum and The Topp Twins exhibition. Using data from interviews with key people involved with the two exhibitions, documentary research, and analysis of the two exhibitions, this thesis asks how New Zealand national identity and gender are narrated and displayed within The Topp Twins and the New Zealand Rugby Museum, and considers what this means for museum practice. In so doing, the thesis begins with an overview of key literature looking at nation, discourse and gender in museum and heritage scholarship. It also considers literature of New Zealand identity formation and gender. The intellectual foundation of this thesis resides in the idea that gender, nation and museums are intimately bound. In the second part of the thesis, an investigation into the historical and contemporary context of the two exhibitions is conducted. This section provides an overview of the content and design of the exhibits. In combining both the context and content of the exhibitions, the thesis is able to consider intentions as well as the outcomes of the two. The final part of the thesis considers the ways national identity and gender have been presented within The Topp Twins exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum. This chapter shows that while gender is presented in very different ways, the museums have a very similar narrative about ‘New Zealandness’.</p>

A Paradoxical Convergence: National Identity and Gender in 'The Topp Twins' Exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum

<p>In May 2017, there was a strange convergence inside Palmerston North’s Te Manawa museum. As visitors arrived on the first floor, they were left with two options. Turn left for the New Zealand Rugby Museum, or turn right for an exhibition on Jools and Lynda Topp. Left for masculinist rugby history. Right for radical activist lesbians. While both exhibitions have very different subject matter, themes of gender and national identity are prevalent within them both. Using this convergence as an entry point, this thesis considers the ways national identity and gender are put on display within the permanent exhibition at the New Zealand Rugby Museum and The Topp Twins exhibition. Using data from interviews with key people involved with the two exhibitions, documentary research, and analysis of the two exhibitions, this thesis asks how New Zealand national identity and gender are narrated and displayed within The Topp Twins and the New Zealand Rugby Museum, and considers what this means for museum practice. In so doing, the thesis begins with an overview of key literature looking at nation, discourse and gender in museum and heritage scholarship. It also considers literature of New Zealand identity formation and gender. The intellectual foundation of this thesis resides in the idea that gender, nation and museums are intimately bound. In the second part of the thesis, an investigation into the historical and contemporary context of the two exhibitions is conducted. This section provides an overview of the content and design of the exhibits. In combining both the context and content of the exhibitions, the thesis is able to consider intentions as well as the outcomes of the two. The final part of the thesis considers the ways national identity and gender have been presented within The Topp Twins exhibition and the New Zealand Rugby Museum. This chapter shows that while gender is presented in very different ways, the museums have a very similar narrative about ‘New Zealandness’.</p>