DIVERSITY, DOMINANCY, AND PERIODICITY OF MOSQUITOES IN FILARIASIS ENDEMIC AREAS IN SAMBOREJO VILLAGE TIRTO DISTRICT PEKALONGAN REGENCY

Vector-borne mosquito diseases are still as a public health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Many of mosquitoes species are significantly as vectors of patogen, such as virus, bacteria, protozoan, and helminths due to human health. Samborejo Village is one of filariasis endemic areas and it is still in a high mf-rate. Each of mosquito species has a differential of distribution, bioactivities pattern, and type of habitat of their breeding sites with others. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity, dominancy, and periodicity pattern of mosquitoes during night time in Samborejo Village Tirto Distric Pekalongan Regency. Mosquitoes collections were done by landing method, from 6 pm - 6 am of in an hour period of collection, for biting and resting activities and also for indoor and outdoor collection respectively. Mosquitoes were then identified and the diversity was analized by Shannon-Wienner Index. The total number of each species was served in percent. Totally there were 339 collected mosquitoes, consisting of 165 (48.67%) females and 174 (51.33%) males. Of all, there were 4 species identified which were Culex quinquefasciatus (92.1%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (0.6%), Culex vishnui (1.8%), and Aedes aegypti (5.5%). Samborejo Village showed in low diversity with the index of 0.338, and Cx. quinquefasciatus to be the dominant species in this area. Culex quinquefasciatus also became the frequent species in each period of collection for indoor and outdoor, and it showed the indoor active biting at 9 pm, 01 am, and 03 am; furthermore, the outdoor active biting was at midnight (00) and at 03 am. However, Aedes mosquitoe was showed active biting in earlier, it was at 6 pm, 7 pm, and at 02 am.

Spore dispersal, diurnal pattern and viability of Monilinia spp. conidia and the relationship with weather components in an organic apple orchard

In a two-year Hungarian study, spore dispersal diurnal periodicity and viability of Monilinia spp. and their relation to weather components were determined in an organic apple orchard. Conidia of Monilinia spp. were first trapped in late May in both years. Low number of conidia were trapped until end-June. Thereafter, number of conidia continuously increased until harvest. Conidia in a 24-h period showed diurnal periodicity pattern, with th highest concentration in the afternoon hours. Spore viability with FDA staining showed that viability ofconidia ranged from 45 to 70% with showing lower viability in the dry than in the wet days in both years. Temperature and relative humidity correlated positively with mean hourly conidia numbers in both years. Mean hourly rainfall was negatively but poorly correlated with conidiacatches in both years. Results were compared and discussed with previous observations.