Light-responsive molecular switch based on cucurbit[7]uril and 1,1'-bis(benzyl)-4-[2-(4-pyridyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium dibromide displaying white light emission

By using 1H NMR, ESI-MS and UV spectra, novel light-responsive molecular switch constructed by 1,1’-bis(benzyl)-4-[2-(4-pyridyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium (12+) and cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) is demonstrated. The E- to Z-isomerization of double bond in 12+...

2-Methyl-1-(pyrrolidinium-2-ylmethyl)pyridinium dibromide

In the title compound, C11H18N2 2+·2Br−, whose cation represents the product of racemization of an L-proline derivative under basic conditions, the pyrrolidinium ring has a distorted envelope conformation with the N atom deviating by 0.533 (6) Å from the mean plane of the remaining four atoms of the ring. The methylene C atom which connects the pyrrolidinium ring and the 2-methylpyridine group is displaced from the plane of the four pyrrolidinium C atoms by 0.625 (8) Å in the same direction as the N atom. The cation and anions are linked by N—H...Br hydrogen bonds.

Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae

ABSTRACT Vacuoles in filamentous fungi are highly pleomorphic and some of them, e.g., tubular vacuoles, are implicated in intra- and intercellular transport. In this report, we isolated Aovam3, the homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae VAM3 gene that encodes the vacuolar syntaxin, from Aspergillus oryzae. In yeast complementation analyses, the expression of Aovam3 restored the phenotypes of both Δvam3 and Δpep12 mutants, suggesting that AoVam3p is likely the vacuolar and/or endosomal syntaxin in A. oryzae. FM4-64 [N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(p-diethylaminophenyl-hexatrienyl)pyridinium dibromide] and CMAC (7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin) staining confirmed that the fusion protein of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) with AoVam3p (EGFP-AoVam3p) localized on the membrane of the pleomorphic vacuolar networks, including large spherical vacuoles, tubular vacuoles, and putative late endosomes/prevacuolar compartments. EGFP-AoVam3p-expressing strains allowed us to observe the dynamics of vacuoles with high resolutions, and moreover, led to the discovery of several new aspects of fungal vacuoles, which have not been discovered so far with conventional staining methods, during different developmental stages. In old hyphae, EGFP fluorescence was present in the entire lumen of large vacuoles, which occupied most of the cell, indicating that degradation of cytosolic materials had occurred in such hyphae via an autophagic process. In hyphae that were not in contact with nutrients, such as aerial hyphae and hyphae that grew on a glass surface, vacuoles were composed of small punctate structures and tubular elements that often formed reticulum-like networks. These observations imply the presence of so-far-unrecognized roles of vacuoles in the development of filamentous fungi.