ON THE PECULIARITIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE MULTIDECADE OSCILLATION OF THE WORLD OCEAN

One of the most remarkable peculiarities of the modern climate, undoubtedly, should be recognized as the climatic shift observed in the mid-70s of the last century. The reasons for this phenomenon for a long time, despite the activation of climatologists from all over the world, remained a mystery that requires its disclosure. First of all, this was due to the fact that the shift that took place turned out to be unexpected for scientists and was accompanied by rapid qualitative changes in the planetary climate. To date, thanks to the efforts of scientists using the results of rapidly developing numerical modeling, diagnostic calculations and observational data in large hydrophysical experiments in various regions of the World Ocean (WO), an understanding of the role of the ocean factor in the variability of the current climate has developed. It became clear that climatic shifts are an important feature of the internal dynamics of the climate system. The most obvious evidence of intrasystemic processes should be considered the discovered planetary structures in the atmosphere – Global Atmospheric Oscillation (GAO) and in the ocean – Multi-decadal Oscillation of the Heat content in the Ocean (MOHO), which are quasi-synchronous accompanying variations in the modern climate. GAO, its structure and features have been discussed in detail earlier in a number of studies. As for the MOHO, its structure and features are discussed in the proposed work. It is characteristic that the MOHO is located in the layer of the main thermocline (100-600 m). In a quasi-uniform layer (0–100 m), and in a deep layer (600-5500 m), the thermodynamic regime differs from the regime in the layer of the main thermocline. Probably, it is precisely this circumstance that did not allow earlier to draw attention to such an important detail in the structure of the WO thermodynamic variability. The presence of extreme multi-decadal temperature field disturbances at intermediate levels (200, 300, 400, 500, 600 m) should be noted as an important characteristic feature of the oscillation. Large-scale hydrophysical experiments (POLYGON-70, POLYMODE, etc.) made it possible to reveal the vortex structure in the dynamics of WO waters and to discover that the vortices of the open ocean have maxima of kinetic energy precisely in the layer of the main thermocline. This allows us to assume a connection between synoptic eddy activity and MOHO. However, the latter remains to be studied.

The Writers on One Wave. L.D. Rzhevsky about the Creative Works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn

The article considers attitude of the representatives of different “waves” of Russian emigration to the personality and works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The author the reasons of special analysed interest of the representatives of the “second wave” to the early period of the writer’s creative works, as well as described specific features of perception of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s works by the literary critic L.D. Rzhevsky, belonging to that wave. For the first time the works of L.D. Rzhevsky devoted to the creative works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn are introduced into scientific circulation. Philologist by education and the writer, L.D. Rzhevsky considered mainly the features of individual style and literary language of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. He paid much attention to the writer’s innovations in this field, in particular to his word creativity, and noted his commitment to the people’s language and good command of it. The critic also demonstrates the specific features of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s narrative style, which manifested itself differently in his works. He notes that the narrator either “self-dissolves” in the character(s) or speaks on his own behalf. In the first case, polyphonic structure or monophonic sound is possible. The features of the artistic form of the creative works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn, however, interested L.D. Rzhevsky as a way of expressing the civil position of the author. The most important characteristic feature of the writer’s work, he believed the inextricable unity of aesthetic and ethical principles. Emphasizing the importance in his creative works of the categories “conscience”, “truth”, “intransigence”, L.D. Rzhevsky stated that A.I. Solzhenitsyn revived the humanistic pathos of Russian classical literature, suppressed in the USSR for ideological reasons. Based on numerous examples and quotations, the critic called the writer the heir to the traditions laid down by A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy and F.M. Dostoevsky. Highly artistic reflection of the life truth in the works of the author, who lived in the USSR, L.D. Rzhevsky considered as selfless devotion and evaluated as a feat committed by the creator. The article uses little-known and hard-to-reach sources to domestic readers: materials published abroad in the mid-twentieth century in small batches and since out of print.