Being a Literary Critic: The Methodology of Specialist’s Life in the Profession (based on B. F. Egorov’s epistolary oeuvre)

The article, which is historical and scientific by character, presents the current humanitarian issues of professional epistolary communication of an outstanding Russian literary critic, Doctor of Philology, Professor B. F. Egorov (1926–2020) with fellow literary critics. The main directions of scientist’s active and versatile practices are considered on the grounds of his published letters and some letters to him in 1998–2020. The article focuses on professional communication and interaction between Ukrainian and Russian literary critics in the complex modern socio-historical and political conditions of interstate relations. The letters are published for the first time and are accompanied by the necessary historical and cultural comments and bibliographic notes. The material contained in them is important not only for the history of Russian and East Slavic literary criticism of the 20th century, but also it is relevant in terms of the prospects of academic studies of literature and the development of productive communication between scholars studying fiction in order to perform the main cultural function of literary studies.

I Felt It Was Me on Trial

Yuan-tsung reunited with two friends from her Chongqing days, Yu Dayin and her husband, Zeng Zhaolun, who took her to a meeting of the Political Consultative Conference, where she witnessed Mao’s withering attack on Liang Shumin, a Confucian scholar, who criticized Mao’s agricultural policy. This was followed by Mao’s purge of Hu Feng, a maverick literary critic, who had criticized Mao’s dictates on culture and had written a manifesto challenging them. The two incidents led Yuan-tsung to come to some painful political realizations—among them that writing under Mao’s reign was a life-and-death matter.

Ivan Dziuba as a figure: opinions of present-day intellectuals

In this article, Ivan Dziuba is seen as a public influencer, literary critic, co-chairman of the main editorial board of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine. On his 90th anniversary, a combination of short communications by famous representatives in sphere of Ukrainian science and culture presented is presented here.

Quintilian as a Literary Critic

This chapter is devoted to the study of the Institutio oratoria as a complex space in which Quintilian, in addition to developing an education manual, a rhetorical treatise, and an essay on the orator’s moral duties and obligations, also includes theoretical reflections on literary criticism as well as analysis and assessments of specific literary works. In this sense, this chapter studies Quintilian as a literary critic. From a general and theoretical point of view, it reviews the relations established within the framework of the Institutio oratoria between literary criticism and poetarum enarratio, or exegesis of poetic texts, which should be practised by grammar students before continuing to the study of rhetoric. This review forces us to reconsider the question of the interdependence that exists between grammar and rhetoric as classical sciences of discourse. From an applicative and practical perspective, the chapter stresses the importance of Book 10 for a better knowledge of the literary critical analyses and evaluations that Quintilian makes of the most important works and authors of Greek and Roman literature, always in relation to its usefulness for the orator’s training through the exercise of reading and on the basis of the principle of imitation of literary models, which not only include poetic texts, but also historical, philosophical, and rhetorical texts. Finally, the chapter reviews the theory of Attic, Asianic, and Rhodian styles in Quintilian’s thinking and his defence of the one which, even defined by hybridization, best adapts itself to the pragmatic-communicative requirements of the rhetorical fact.

A Missed Opportunity? Transylvania as a Virtual Central Europe

The article focuses on the analysis of the ideas of Aladár Kuncz, a writer, literary critic and editor who defined Transylvanian Hungarian literature after 1918 in a European context. The concept of Transylvanism is discussed through the debates of the interwar period, and is situated within the context of Hungarian literary modernism. In the light of the Transylvanian literary ideas of the 1920s and 1930s, minority / regional literatures would have been directly related to a new concept of European and world literature beyond national literatures, along a line of thought that acknowledged the deterministic character of regionalism, and prioritized it also at the level of cultural memory, considering it to be primary over linguistic, national, and the changing geographical boundaries. These endeavours sought to revive an emphatic idea of Central Europe with its strict ideals of quality besides strong local, decentralized, yet transnational aspirations, while making them compatible with the preservation of linguistic and cultural ties with the three traditional Transylvanian nations. The article also discusses the reasons why, in the midst of the 1930s, facing political restrictions, the literary form of Transylvanism became outdated in the eye of the younger generations of the Hungarian community.

Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, un surrealista a medias

Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, a Semi-Surrealist. This work aims to establish similarities between surrealist poetry and the poetry of the Peruvian poet Emilio Adolfo Westphalen. The first part of the text is aiming to outline main characteristics of avant-garde literature in Peru between the years 1920 and 1930 and the process of implantation of a surrealist movement born in Europe. The mentioned process of implantation was hard and complex, especially, because it clashed with the local political system and partial renunciation of the previous movements such as Modernism, Symbolism, and Romanticism. Also, French surrealism had to face literary Peruvian critics who were not ready for the arrival of something new. Consequently, Emilio Adolfo Westphalen expressed his discontent over the fossilized literary critic and his poet friends in his correspondence and essays. Westphalen was not only interested in the surrealism of others, but he was also interested in surrealism for his poetry. Our study is based particularly on the following sources: the essays of Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, the surrealist theory included in the Manifestoes of Surrealism, and the critical works by Mirko Lauer, Américo Ferrari, etc.

LITERATURE OF THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN OF THE PRE-OCTOBER PERIOD IN THE METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF ACADEMICIAN G. G. GAMZATOV. THE CIVILIZATIONAL ASPECT

The methodological foundations of the scientific research of the famous Dagestan scholar – literary critic, academician G. G. Gamzatov are considered. It is noted that the cultural and aesthetic experience of mountaineers accumulated by generations is translated in the works of G. G. Gamzatov into theoretically based concepts that affect the processes of development of the multinational artistic system of Dagestan in the pre-October period. These concepts, based on the cyclical paradigms of humanitarian knowledge, build a sequence of semantic dominants that have ensured not only the national identity, but also the spiritual community of the Dagestan peoples.

Walter Benjamin and the Weak Messianic Power

Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) was a German intellectual of Jewish descent, a well-known literary critic, philosopher, sociologist, translator and essayist, and a key figure in continental philosophy. His works on topics such as historical materialism, German idealism, and Jewish mysticism have had a marked influence on contemporary aesthetic theories and the development of Western Marxism, including the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory. These articles will focus on the analysis of the concept of messianism, which Benjamin develops in his work “On the concept of history” or “Theses on the philosophy of history” (1940). Messianism here is neither a theological dogma nor a modern figure of the utopian. Benjamin’s messianic time does not refer to the future, but to the urgency of the “now.” The author contrasts the “weak messianic force” of the tradition of the oppressed, which demands the past with the realization of happiness and liberation in the present, and Jetztzeit – a model of messianic time, open and nonlinear time of rupture, based on modern (contemporary) forms of collective experience past and liberation memory (Eingedenken).

The authenticity of Ukrainian studies in the scientific work of Petro Kononenko

The article reveals the main milestones of the 90-year life and scientific work of Petro Petrovich Kononenko - Doctor of Philology, Professor, prominent Ukrainian scholar, literary critic, writer and playwright, initiator of the Ukrainian National Lyceum, founder and director of the National Research Institute of Ukraine. The often mentioned village of Markivtsi, Bobrovytsia district, Chernihiv region, where P. Kononenko was born on May 31, 1931, is the cradle, the first sounds, the first words of the Ukrainian language, and the first knowledge of Ukraine in native people - all for the first time and all native. Milestones in life are graduating from high school in his native village, Faculty of Philology of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University, obtaining the degrees of candidate, doctor of philology, academic titles of associate professor and professor, work as head of the Department of History of Ukrainian Literature, dean of the Faculty of Philology. Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Researchers of his work M. Velychko and M. Slavynsky define the creative mission and works of PP Kononenko as follows: poet, prose writer, playwright, literary critic and literary critic, whose works have been translated into English, Bulgarian, Spanish, German, Polish, Croatian, Georgian. Tatar and other languages. Author of almost 1000 scientific publications and 50 monographs, including: “In Search of the Essence”, “Village in Ukrainian Literature”, “Ukrainian Literature: Problems of Development”, textbook for higher education institutions “Ukrainian Studies”, “Love Your Ukraine…”, “ Mykhailo Hrushevsky ”,“ The Phenomenon of the Ukrainian Language ”,“ Ukrainian Ethnos: Genesis and Perspectives ”,“ National Idea, Nation, Nationalism ”,“ We ??Have One Ukraine ”(books I, II, III) - co-authored with Taras Kononenko, “Ukrainian land and people in world civilization and culture” (books I, II), “Ukrainians in world civilization and culture. The historical phenomenon of Stepan Bandera “. The works of the recognized master of the word include the tragedy “Mary on Calvary”, selected “Voices in the Desert”, a collection of poems “Sunny Phoenix”. On the eve of P. Kononenko’s 90th birthday, his large-format four-volume memoir and reflections “One Hundred Years - One Hundred Roads… Ukraine and Ukrainian Studies: Origin - Executions - Resurrection” were published. In addressing the readers of the four-volume book, the content of which is reviewed in the article, P. Kononenko calls his work a reflection on Ukraine and the science of Ukrainian studies in intellectual, mental, experiential and mental perception, and thus interpretation, predictability and planning of the future. The personal perception of Ukraine by the author of the four-volume book, world Ukrainians, Ukrainian studies, the fate of Ukraine as the fate of everyone, its role and mission in intellectual-logical and emotional-emotional phenomenality, interdependence of historical and psychological perspectives, philosophical-ideological and psychological-cultural assessment and opportunities for human progress. Among the real characters of the four-volume book, the article reveals the psychology of “residents of profit and career, adapters”, who grew in the tragic circumstances of foreign colonization of Ukraine, the beginning in January 1972 in Kiev and other cities of Ukraine mass arrests of Ukrainian KGB poets, artists, students, to whom P. Kononenko is almost the first among other authors. The origin of the idea and foundation of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies, an example of which was created by Omelyan Prytsak for the preservation and development of Ukrainian cultural heritage “Institute of Ukrainian Studies” at Harvard University, “School Board” in the US and Canada, which manages schools of Ukrainian studies, development of the Center 1988 at the Faculty of Philology of the Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, and with it the Institute of Ukrainian Studies and its state status. The chronology of the transformation of this scientific institution into the Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies in the sphere of management of the Ministry of Education and Science and the transfer of the building at 18 Isaakyana Street in Kyiv for its placement are given. The reasons for counteracting the institutional development of Ukrainian studies in modern Ukraine, which still preserves the Soviet system of organization of communist-style science, further strengthened by its communist and post-communist functionaries, are analyzed. P. Kononenko’s reasoning that the phenomenon of synthesis of Ukrainian studies should be anthropology, and the generator of knowledge - the Institute of Man. The conclusions consider the achievements of the future, which include the causal conditionality of Ukrainian authenticity at each stage of the favorable historical development of the Ukrainian nation, determined by the functioning of statehood in the exercise of its protective function.

The principle of creative self-activity

The article reveals the main milestones of the 90-year life and scientific work of Petro Petrovich Kononenko - Doctor of Philology, Professor, prominent Ukrainian scholar, literary critic, writer and playwright, initiator of the Ukrainian National Lyceum, founder and director of the National Research Institute of Ukraine. The often mentioned village of Markivtsi, Bobrovytsia district, Chernihiv region, where P. Kononenko was born on May 31, 1931, is the cradle, the first sounds, the first words of the Ukrainian language, and the first knowledge of Ukraine in native people - all for the first time and all native. Milestones in life are graduating from high school in his native village, Faculty of Philology of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University, obtaining the degrees of candidate, doctor of philology, academic titles of associate professor and professor, work as head of the Department of History of Ukrainian Literature, dean of the Faculty of Philology. Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Researchers of his work M. Velychko and M. Slavynsky define the creative mission and works of PP Kononenko as follows: poet, prose writer, playwright, literary critic and literary critic, whose works have been translated into English, Bulgarian, Spanish, German, Polish, Croatian, Georgian. Tatar and other languages. Author of almost 1000 scientific publications and 50 monographs, including: “In Search of the Essence”, “Village in Ukrainian Literature”, “Ukrainian Literature: Problems of Development”, textbook for higher education institutions “Ukrainian Studies”, “Love Your Ukraine…”, “ Mykhailo Hrushevsky ”,“ The Phenomenon of the Ukrainian Language ”,“ Ukrainian Ethnos: Genesis and Perspectives ”,“ National Idea, Nation, Nationalism ”,“ We ??Have One Ukraine ”(books I, II, III) - co-authored with Taras Kononenko, “Ukrainian land and people in world civilization and culture” (books I, II), “Ukrainians in world civilization and culture. The historical phenomenon of Stepan Bandera “. The works of the recognized master of the word include the tragedy “Mary on Calvary”, selected “Voices in the Desert”, a collection of poems “Sunny Phoenix”. On the eve of P. Kononenko’s 90th birthday, his large-format four-volume memoir and reflections “One Hundred Years - One Hundred Roads… Ukraine and Ukrainian Studies: Origin - Executions - Resurrection” were published. In addressing the readers of the four-volume book, the content of which is reviewed in the article, P. Kononenko calls his work a reflection on Ukraine and the science of Ukrainian studies in intellectual, mental, experiential and mental perception, and thus interpretation, predictability and planning of the future. The personal perception of Ukraine by the author of the four-volume book, world Ukrainians, Ukrainian studies, the fate of Ukraine as the fate of everyone, its role and mission in intellectual-logical and emotional-emotional phenomenality, interdependence of historical and psychological perspectives, philosophical-ideological and psychological-cultural assessment and opportunities for human progress. Among the real characters of the four-volume book, the article reveals the psychology of “residents of profit and career, adapters”, who grew in the tragic circumstances of foreign colonization of Ukraine, the beginning in January 1972 in Kiev and other cities of Ukraine mass arrests of Ukrainian KGB poets, artists, students, to whom P. Kononenko is almost the first among other authors. The origin of the idea and foundation of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies, an example of which was created by Omelyan Prytsak for the preservation and development of Ukrainian cultural heritage “Institute of Ukrainian Studies” at Harvard University, “School Board” in the US and Canada, which manages schools of Ukrainian studies, development of the Center 1988 at the Faculty of Philology of the Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, and with it the Institute of Ukrainian Studies and its state status. The chronology of the transformation of this scientific institution into the Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies in the sphere of management of the Ministry of Education and Science and the transfer of the building at 18 Isaakyana Street in Kyiv for its placement are given. The reasons for counteracting the institutional development of Ukrainian studies in modern Ukraine, which still preserves the Soviet system of organization of communist-style science, further strengthened by its communist and post-communist functionaries, are analyzed. P. Kononenko’s reasoning that the phenomenon of synthesis of Ukrainian studies should be anthropology, and the generator of knowledge - the Institute of Man. The conclusions consider the achievements of the future, which include the causal conditionality of Ukrainian authenticity at each stage of the favorable historical development of the Ukrainian nation, determined by the functioning of statehood in the exercise of its protective function.