POLA DISTRIBUSI DAN MARGIN PEMASARAN GABAH DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG

The purpose of this research is to analyze the difference of government floor price of grain with the average costs of paddy, analyzing the distribution pattern of grain amd amalyze marketing margins of grain in Karawang Region. The benefit from this research is to design and efficient the grain distribution in Karawang Region and this study can be used as reference for practitioners and stakeholder in taking policy on grain price. Methods used in this study is survey. The location chosen by purposive. The amount of respondent were 82 respondents using the snowball method. The analysis using descriptive and statistics One sample t-test, the calculation of the avarage cost of paddy, the percentage of patterns and the calculation of the margin marketing. The results showed that there are differences of grain price of avarage cost by IDR. 3.531 and the price of grain non government by an average of IDR. 4.347 with the floor price of the government (HPP) commodity the grain by IDR. 3.700 in significantly. There are two patterns of marketing grain which is a long pattern there are farmers – broker – ricemill with the percentage of 67 %, and the short pattern there are farmers – ricemill with the percentage of 33 %. The margin value of long pattern by IDR. 250 per kilogram, while the short pattern IDR. 0 per kilogram. There are differences, the long pattern with the short pattern in significant. Keywords: Farming, operational cost paddy, pattern, margin.

Noncritical Resonances

This chapter deals with noncritical resonances. A short pattern is resonant at i if lsubscript i plus 1 = bᵢ. This property depends only on the associated prototype, so resonance is actually a property of prototypes. A first (middle) row entry is also called aᵢ critical if it is equal to one of its four neighbors, which are lᵢ, lsubscript i plus 1, bᵢ, and bsubscript i minus 1. We say that the resonance at i is critical if either aᵢ or asubscript i plus 1 is critical. The chapter introduces the relevant theorem, stating that if t is a strict pattern with no critical resonances, then t′ is also strict with no critical resonances. It also chooses a pair of canonical indexings of Γ‎ = Γ‎ₜ and Δ‎′ = Δ‎subscript tprime.

Full Genomic Analysis of Human Rotavirus Strain B4106 and Lapine Rotavirus Strain 30/96 Provides Evidence for Interspecies Transmission

ABSTRACT The Belgian rotavirus strain B4106, isolated from a child with gastroenteritis, was previously found to have VP7 (G3), VP4 (P[14]), and NSP4 (A genotype) genes closely related to those of lapine rotaviruses, suggesting a possible lapine origin or natural reassortment of strain B4106. To investigate the origin of this unusual strain, the gene sequences encoding VP1, VP2, VP3, VP6, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, and NSP5/6 were also determined. To allow comparison to a lapine strain, the 11 double-stranded RNA segments of a European G3P[14] rabbit rotavirus strain 30/96 were also determined. The complete genome similarity between strains B4106 and 30/96 was 93.4% at the nucleotide level and 96.9% at the amino acid level. All 11 genome segments of strain B4106 were closely related to those of lapine rotaviruses and clustered with the lapine strains in phylogenetic analyses. In addition, sequence analyses of the NSP5 gene of strain B4106 revealed that the altered electrophoretic mobility of NSP5, resulting in a super-short pattern, was due to a gene rearrangement (head-to-tail partial duplication, combined with two short insertions and a deletion). Altogether, these findings confirm that a rotavirus strain with an entirely lapine genome complement was able to infect and cause severe disease in a human child.

Swing Ratios and Ensemble Timing in Jazz Performance: Evidence for a Common Rhythmic Pattern

The timing in jazz ensemble performances was investigated in order to approach the question of what makes the music "swing." One well-known aspect of swing is that consecutive eighth notes are performed as long-short patterns. The exact duration ratio (the swing ratio) of the long-short pattern has been largely unknown. In this study, the swing ratio produced by drummers on the ride cymbal was measured. Three well-known jazz recordings and a play-along record were used. A substantial and gradual variation of the drummers' swing ratio with respect to tempo was observed. At slow tempi, the swing ratio was as high as 3.5:1, whereas at fast tempi it reached 1:1. The often-mentioned "triple-feel," that is, a ratio of 2:1, was present only at a certain tempo. The absolute duration of the short note in the long-short pattern was constant at about 100 ms for medium to fast tempi, suggesting a practical limit on tone duration that may be due to perceptual factors. Another aspect of swing is the soloist's timing in relation to the accompaniment. For example, a soloist can be characterized as playing "behind the beat." In the second part, the swing ratio of the soloist and its relation to the cymbal accompaniment was measured from the same recordings. In slow tempi, the soloists were mostly playing their downbeats after the cymbal but were synchronized with the cymbal at the off-beats. This implied that the swing ratio of the soloist was considerably smaller than the cymbal accompaniment in slow tempi. It may give an impression of "playing behind" but at the same time keep the synchrony with the accompaniment at the off-beat positions. Finally, the possibilities of using computer tools in jazz pedagogy are discussed.