Implementation of the Affirmation School Operational Cost Policy at SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran, South Minahasa

This study describes Affirmation School Operational Costs or Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) Policy management in South Minahasa District Study at SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran. This study uses qualitative research methods and data collection techniques: Observation, Interview, and Documentation. The primary data source of this research is the Affirmation of School Operational Costs (BOS) Policy in the South Minahasa Regency. In this case, the Policy on Management, Reporting, Responsibility for the Use of Funds and Distribution of Funds by the School BOS Team in South Minahasa Regency Study SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran and Secondary data sources are supporting documents, archives, and literature. The results showed that: Policies in managing, reporting, responsible for the use of funds, and distribution of funds by the School BOS team are still very lacking and are spent by the policies contained in the Minister of Education and Culture Number 24 of 2020 It has not been implemented optimally even though the document data component of the use of funds and expenditures has been fulfilled, but its use in schools is still inadequate and has not been implemented optimally because of the lack of human resources and the internet network of Telkomsel and others has not yet entered the SMP Negeri 3 Suluun school. The results of the study concluded: (1) Affirmation School Operational Cost (BOS) Policy in South Minahasa Regency. In this case, the Policy on Management, Reporting, Responsibility for the Use of Funds and Distribution of Funds by the School BOS Team as an adequate policy in the use of Affirmation BOS funds and must be improved with other supporters such as adequate human resources and can work together with the Regency BOS Team in the process of using Affirmation BOS funds so that their use in schools can be carried out and on target; (2) Administrative Management of the Use of Affirmation BOS Funds is entirely assisted by the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 24 of 2020. However, the use of fund expenditures is still inadequate with the condition of the school and the school environment, especially human resources which are the motivation in the teaching and learning process. For this reason, schools must have their policies so that their use can be by the conditions and the school environment.

Tertiary Control for Energy Management of EV Charging Station Integrated With PV and Energy Storage

Along with the rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles, more and more EV charging stations tend to have charging infrastructure, rooftop photovoltaic and energy storage all together for energy saving and emission reduction. Compared with individual design for each of the components in such kind of systems, an integrated design can result in higher efficiency, increased reliability, and lower total capital cost. This paper mainly focuses on the tertiary control strategy for dynamic state operation, such as PV generation fluctuation and random arrival/leave of EVs. The tertiary control aims to achieve stable operation under dynamic states, as well as to optimize the energy flow in the station to realize maximal operational benefits with constraints such as peak/valley price of electricity, state of discharge limitation of battery, etc. In this paper, four energy management functions in tertiary control level are proposed, and their performance is verified by simulations. By using prediction of PV power and EV load in the following 72 h, a novel tertiary control logic is proposed to optimize PVC and ESC power flow by changing their droop characteristics, so that minimum operational cost for the station can be achieved. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted for three parameters, including ES battery capacity, weather influence, and PV and EV load prediction error. The results from sensitivity analysis indicate that ES battery capacity and weather condition lead to a great impact on the operational cost of the integrated charging station, while a typical prediction error of PV power and EV load will not influence the optimization result significantly.

A TISM and MICMAC analysis of factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Indian Apparel Supply Chain

The objective of this study is to explore the challenges faced by the Indian apparel supply chain in the wake of COVID-19 to identify the factors that are being affected and build a multilevel hierarchy model to prioritize the factors and understand their inter-relationships. An intensive literature review was conducted and many experts from apparel supply chain were consulted. The study was conducted by the help of a survey sent to these experts from different echelons in the apparel industry. The data was then analysed using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM). The “Difficulty in export order fulfilment” factor is found to be the most sensitive factor which means that it is present in the TISM model hierarchy in a place that it is affected by most of the factors and in-turn impacts factors like operational cost, change in marketing strategy, change in consumer buying pattern, which impact Profitability and Cut-off in employment. “Cut-off in employment” is found to be most impacted by all other factors in TISM model.

Survival Strategy Restaurant Business during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic forced the entire community to adjust itself by implementing a new order of life known as the “new normal” in every activity. Likewise, restaurant businesses are not immune from the impact of the Covid- 19 pandemics, so adjustments must be made so that restaurants can continue to operate and customer health and safety-related to Covid-19 can be carried out properly and correctly. To increase the sales volume of its products, it can do several things, including Lower Menu Prices, Give Special Discounts, Create More Durable Food Packaging, Prepare Food Delivery, Restaurant Business Starts Switching to Use Technology, Communication Between Businesses & Customers, Perform Marketing Plans and Pay Attention to Current Culinary Trends. Meanwhile, to make the restaurant operational cost-efficient, several strategies can be carried out, including Designing Cost Control Measure (CCM), re-identifying budgeting short-term and long-term, prioritizing cash flow safe and stable, reorganizing or redesigning the largest expenditure, and planning a more efficient division of labor fair and impartial. Furthermore, to guarantee customer safety from being exposed to Covid-19, restaurants can do the following: Communicate Safety and sanitation measures clearly and consistently, Avoid self-served dishes, Advice to maintain distance, Make strict rules regarding the use of masks on staff and diners, Offers waiting list and online pre-order facilities, Continues to offer no-contact options, Competes aggressively with retail options, Offers packaged dining options in the long term, Performs clear and systematic cleaning.

Economics of Small Tea Farming System (STFS): An in-depth Study of North Bengal,India

The study was conducted to find out the pattern of labour engagement (both family andhired labour), price realization of different type of small tea growers and economic analysisof the small tea growing system. Small tea growers of Jalpaiguri and Uttar Dinajpur districtof West Bengal were selected purposively. The present study mainly considered primarydata for analysis and a small amount of secondary data was also collected from records ofConfederation of Indian Small Tea Growers’ Association (CISTA) and Self-Help Group(SHG) registers. It has been found that there is a variation in price of green leaves in bothdistricts and higher rates are observed in the month of March. SHGs with own processingunits were found to fetch higher prices compared to other units because of their collectivebargaining power, absence of middlemen and owing co-operative processing units. Numberof such SHGs, with processing units were found in Jalpaiguri district whereas, UttarDinajpur district recorded no SHG with own processing units. The economic analysis alsopresented a clear picture about fixed and operational cost, gross return with or withoutdividend and benefit cost ratio.

Prediction of Nickel Removal using Diffusion Model in Flat Sheet Supported Liquid Membrane

Supported liquid membrane (SLM) is one of the potential extraction methods for the treatment of wastewater containing various toxic heavy metal ions. Advantageously, this process offers simultaneous removal and recovery, as well as low energy consumption and operational cost. In this study, the prediction of nickel removal was investigated using a diffusion model developed through MATLAB.

Model-Based Cloud Service Deployment Optimisation Method For Minimisation of Application Service Operational Cost

Many of the currently existing solutions for cloud cost optimisation are aimed at cloud infrastructure providers, and they often deal only with specific types of application services, leaving the providers of cloud applications without the suitable cost optimization solution, especially concerning the wide range of different application types. In this paper, we present an approach that aims to provide an optimisation solution for the providers of applications hosted in the cloud environments, applicable at the early phase of a cloud application lifecycle and for a wide range of application services. The focus of this research is development of the method for identifying optimised service deployment option in available cloud environments based on the model of the service and its context, with the aim of minimising the operational cost of the cloud service, while fulfilling the requirements defined by the service level agreement. A cloud application context metamodel is proposed that includes parameters related to both the application service and the cloud infrastructure relevant for the cost and quality of service. By using the proposed optimisation method, the knowledge is gained about the effects that the cloud application context parameters have on the service cost and quality of service, which is then used to determine the optimised service deployment option. The service models are validated using cloud application services deployed in laboratory conditions, and the optimisation method is validated using the simulations based on proposed cloud application context metamodel. The experimental results based on two cloud application services demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to provide relevant information about the impact of cloud application context parameters on service cost and quality of service, and use this information in the optimisation aimed at reducing service operational cost while preserving the acceptable service quality level. The results indicate the applicability and relevance of the proposed approach for cloud applications in the early service lifecycle phase since application providers can gain useful insights regarding service deployment decision without acquiring extensive datasets for the analysis.

A Review on the Use of Membrane Technology Systems in Developing Countries

Fulfilling the demand of clean potable water to the general public has long been a challenging task in most developing countries due to various reasons. Large-scale membrane water treatment systems have proven to be successful in many advanced countries in the past two decades. This paves the way for developing countries to study the feasibility and adopt the utilization of membrane technology in water treatment. There are still many challenges to overcome, particularly on the much higher capital and operational cost of membrane technology compared to the conventional water treatment system. This review aims to delve into the progress of membrane technology for water treatment systems, particularly in developing countries. It first concentrates on membrane classification and its application in water treatment, including membrane technology progress for large-scale water treatment systems. Then, the fouling issue and ways to mitigate the fouling will be discussed. The feasibility of membrane technologies in developing countries was then evaluated, followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of the membrane technology implementation. Finally, the current trend of membrane research was highlighted to address future perspectives of the membrane technologies for clean water production.

The Factor Affecting to Profitability of Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Period 2011-2020

The purpose of this study is to determine factors Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loans and Operational Cost of Operating Income, Return On Assets as profitability at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. with periode 2011-2020. The research method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The population used is the financial statements of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. The sample used is data that comes from the notes to the financial statements and income statements of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. in the period 2011 to 2020. Based on the results of the partial test (t test) the results is Capital Adequacy Ratio and Non Performing Loan have not a significant influence on Return On Assets and Operational Cost of Operating Income has a significant influence on Return On Assets. But base on simultan (F test) shows that the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan and Operational Cost of Operating Income have a significant influence on Return On Assets. In the coefficient of determination, the value of Adjusted R Square is 92.60%, Return On Assets can be explained by the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loans and Operating Cost of Operating Income, which means that the relationship between variables has a strong correlation, while the remaining 7.4% can be explained by other variables.

Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling under Travel Time Uncertainty: A Robust Model and Solution Method

With the increasing adoption of electric buses (e-buses), e-bus scheduling problem has become an essential part of transit operation planning. As e-buses have a limited battery capacity, e-bus scheduling problem aims to assign vehicles to timetabled service trips on the bus routes considering their charging demand. Affected by the dynamic operation environment, the travel time and energy consumption of the e-buses often display considerable randomness, resulting in unexpected trip start delays and battery energy shortages. In this paper, we addressed the e-bus scheduling problem under travel time uncertainty by robust optimization approaches. We consider the cardinality constrained uncertainty set to formulate a robust multidepot EVSP model considering trip time uncertainty and partial recharging. The model is developed based on the dynamic programming equations that we formulated for trip chain robustness checking. A branch-and-price (BP) algorithm is devised to generate provably high-quality solutions for large-scale instances. In the BP algorithm, an efficient label setting algorithm is developed to solve the robust resource-constrained shortest path subproblem. Comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted based on the bus routes in Shenzhen to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested methodology. The robustness of the schedules was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the trip start delay and battery energy shortage caused by the travel time uncertainty can be effectively reduced at the expense of an increase in the operational cost. A trade-off should be made between the reduction in infeasibility rate and increase in operational cost to choose a proper uncertainty budget.