Two unrecorded Elymus taxa (Poaceae) newly added to Korean flora: E. humidus and E. shandongensis

Given that the Korean genus Elymus L. (Poaceae) is often confused with Agropyron Gaertn., the categories and characteristics of Elymus s.l. have been reviewed morphologically. Two unrecorded taxa of Elymus, E. humidus (Ohwi & Sakam.) T. Osada and E. shandongensis B. Salomon, not previously recorded in Korean flora to date, we report here as an unrecorded species based on samples collected from Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do, and Jeollabuk-do. E. humidus is distinguished from other taxa in terms of its habitat around riversides, erect inflorescences, spikelets appressed to rachides of inflorescence, and new individuals asexually propagated at the lower nodes of aerial stems. E. shandongensis is similar to E. tsukushiensis var. transiens (Hack.) H. Osada but is distinguished by the flowering time, slightly curved inflorescences, number of veins of the glumes, and spikelets appressed to the rachides. Descriptions of the two unrecorded Korean taxa, photographs, and keys to neighboring taxa are presented.

Checklist of Kilimanjaro grasses shows that both plot and herbarium methods are necessary to record diversity

Does traditional generalist herbarium collecting record grass diversity more effectively than plot-based recording common in ecology? We present a checklist of the Poaceae of Mount Kilimanjaro compiled from two datasets: records from 1646 plots of 0.1ha each made since the 1990s, as well as all the specimens held at K and NHT herbaria. We record a total of 276 species in 90 genera represented by 1510 herbarium collections in both datasets; inclusion of unvouchered observations increases the diversity recorded to 288 species in 94 genera. Seventy four species were recorded only once, either through plots or herbarium collecting. Further unrecorded species are likely to be found. The herbarium and plot datasets proved more different than expected, with only 55% of species recorded by both datasets. The difficulties of grass identification and recognition in the field may have compounded selection biases inherent to both techniques. We urge both general collectors and plant ecologists to broaden their sampling techniques to capture more of the true diversity in ecosystems such as those of Mount Kilimanjaro.

First record of the cryptic fishes Ptereleotris calliura (Gobiidae) and Liopropoma rubre (Serranidae) from the Veracruz reef system in Mexico

Based on several in situ observations, the species Ptereleotris calliura (family Gobiidae) and Liopropoma rubre (family Serranidae) are added to the taxonomic fish inventory of the Veracruz reef system, Mexico. While P. calliura was found on sandy substratum in the lagoon, L. rubre was detected on the reef slope. With their addition, the checklist of reef fishes in the Veracruz reef system is expanded to 479 species. Given these findings, we predict that additional survey efforts (beyond visual transects) will reveal more previously unrecorded species of cryptic fishes in the Veracruz reef system.

Genus Torodora Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae, Torodorinae) in Laos, with descriptions of five new species and two newly recorded species

Genus Torodora Meyrick of the family Lecithoceridae in Laos is reviewed, describing five new species and reporting two unrecorded species of the genus. The new species are T. barathrona Park, sp. nov., T. canalis Park, sp. nov., T. cordisigna Park, sp. nov., T. digitalis Park, sp. nov., and T. multispinata sp. nov. In addition, T. metasaris (Meyrick, 1911), comb. nov. and Torodora pegasana Wu & Liu, 1994 are reported for the first time from Laos. Images of adults and genitalia for the new species and the first known species are provided, along with a list of the previously known species with new collected localities.

Additions to the Estonian fauna of mycophagous Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), with a description of Unicornella estonensis gen. et sp. nov.

Mycophagous gall midges from two Malaise trapping campaigns in Estonia were subjected to a morpho-taxonomic study, with the aim of identifying previously unrecorded species. Fifty-four species are shown for the first time to occur in Estonia, specifically 1 Lestremiinae, 21 Micromyinae, 5 Winnertziinae, and 27 Porricondylinae. This raises the number of mycophagous cecidomyiids known from Estonia to 152, which is about one fourth of the total estimated for the national fauna. One of the Porricondylinae turned out to be new to science and is described as Unicornella estonensis Jaschhof & Sikora. Unicornella, a new genus of the tribe Porricondylini, is characterized by that males have a single gonocoxal process, as opposed to two or no processes found in other Porricondylini.