Retentions of Indo-Aryan grammatical elements in Norwegian Para-Romani

The present article sets out to describe the system of personal pronouns in Norwegian Para-Romani.* As we shall see, thepronominal system constitutes one of the few remnants of original Indic elements in the grammatical lexicon of Norwegian Para-Romani. In Norwegian Para-Romani, the original Inda-Aryan grammar, morphology and syntax have, with few exceptions, beenreplaced with Norwegian ones. However, the personal pronouns originate in possessive pronouns in original Romani. This article has three parts. First, I give a brief introduction to the notion of Para-Romani itself and specifically to the Norwegian variety. Secondly, I give a description of the pronominal system. Thirdly, I place the data in a semantic-diachronic frame.

Daśāvatāras in Tamil bhakti literature and programme of sculptures in Vijayanagara-Nāyaka art

The term daśāvatāras stands for the ten incarnations of Viṣṇu. They are Matsya, Kūrma, Varāha, Nṛsiṁha, Vāmana / Trivikrama, Parasurama, Rama, Balarama, Krishna and Kalki. These are noted in the hymns of Āḻvārs in orderly or disorderly pattern. The first part of the article discusses the significance of a set of daśāvatāra images in the Kaḷḷarpirāṉ temple at Śrīvaikuṇṭam in Tirunelveli district. Such images in separate enclaves were set in Vijayanagara-Nāyaka period (15th–18th centuries CE) temples in Tamilnadu, e.g. Tātikkompu and Aḻakarkōyil. To this milieu the images examined in the article add a new dimension