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Sticky Reputations
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TOTAL DOCUMENTS
9
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Published By Routledge
9780203135969
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Latest Documents
Most Cited Documents
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Resurrecting the Red: Pete Seeger and the Purifi cation of Diffi cult Reputations Th e fi ft h chapter addresses the question of how reputations that had once been under attack can be preserved. Today Pete Seeger is widely considered one of America’s most beloved folk singers. Yet, throughout much of his career, Seeger was an active and outspoken member of the Communist Party, even during its most brutal Stalinist years. How could this left ist activist, controversial in his early career, become so widely accepted and why were conservatives largely silent as his reputation became purifi ed? Aft er debates are judged concluded, political activists are no longer committed to revisiting them unless there is a clear gain
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-9
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2012
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pp. 110-130
Keyword(s):
Communist Party
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Early Career
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Diffi Cult
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Erasing the Brown Scare: Referential Aft erlife and the Power of Memory Templates Th e third chapter describes the importance of forgetting to the establishment of collective memory. I examine the case of the “Brown Scare” in the early 1940s and how it came to be forgotten in American history in contrast to the widely remembered “Red Scare” of the 1920s and later 1950s. Th e Brown Scare involved attacks by the Department of Justice on proto-Nazi rightists in the period leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor and a subsequent sedition trial beginning in 1942. Th is trial was the largest sedition trial in American history, eventually leading to a mistrial aft er the death of the trial judge. Th e Brown Scare did not fi t subsequently established memory templates of political institutions and social movements, and indicates what happens to widely-known events that lack prominent and well-situated political backers
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-7
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2012
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pp. 70-95
Keyword(s):
Social Movements
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Collective Memory
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Political Institutions
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American History
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Pearl Harbor
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Red Scare
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Department Of Justice
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Trial Judge
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Notorious Support: Th e America First Committee and the Personalization of Policy Th e sixth chapter returns to isolationist politics in the United States. Th e AFC was the leading non-interventionist/isolationist group prior to World War II. I focus on reputational politics surrounding the group with its opponents personalizing criticism of the organization by focusing on disreputable members, including Charles Lindbergh. Serious policy debate
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-10
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2012
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pp. 131-162
Keyword(s):
United States
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World War Ii
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The United States
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Policy Debate
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World War
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Th e Construction of Historical Equivalence: Weighing the Red and Brown Scares Th e fourth chapter constitutes a theoretical extension of Chapter 3. Drawing on the cases of the Red and Brown Scare, I ask under what circumstances are “events” considered equivalent. In what ways were the two “Scares” similar and in what ways diff erent in their origin, scope, consequences, and shared meaning? How do these similarities and diff erences aff ect the likelihood of remaining in collective memory?
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-8
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2012
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pp. 96-109
Keyword(s):
Collective Memory
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Shared Meaning
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Th e Chaining of Social Problems: Solutions and Unintended Consequences in the Age of Betrayal In this chapter I build on arguments about the unintended consequences of political action raised by infl uential scholars argue that the solution of one problem produces other problems as a result of the solution. In this sense social problems are chained together with solutions causing new problems. I use as an example the prevention of subversion in American politics. I demonstrate how from 1919 through 2001, each political solution has provoked a new set of problems in its wake
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-5
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2012
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pp. 21-41
Keyword(s):
American Politics
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Social Problems
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Political Action
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Unintended Consequences
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Sticky Reputations: Adolf Hitler and the Stigma of Memory Work Th e fi nal chapter evaluates the power of a fully established reputation. In most cases the claims made about reputations shape the reputation of the target, but in a few cases they aff ect the reputational entrepreneur. Th is is particularly true when the reputation at issue is sharply defi ned and widely consensual. In some cases, the attempt to shape established reputations can rub off on the reputational revisionist. Th ese are what I label as sticky reputations. In this chapter I describe the consequences of the eff ects to revise or modify the reputation of Hitler by those who attempt to provide challenging or discordant views of the German leader’s reputation within the American political context
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-13
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2012
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pp. 201-224
Keyword(s):
Political Context
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Adolf Hitler
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Memory Work
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An Isolationist Blacklist?: Lillian Gish and the America First Committee Th e seventh chapter examines the Hollywood Blacklist, but not the blacklist that is widely known. I examine processes of internal exclusion in the fi lm and theatrical community. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, many fi gures in the entertainment fi eld pushed actively for American intervention against fascist Europe, and some of those who were affi liated with the “isolationist” movement were pressured with the loss of employment opportunities. Th e case of Lillian Gish is particularly striking because of her prominence
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-11
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2012
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pp. 163-168
Keyword(s):
Employment Opportunities
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American Intervention
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Hollywood Blacklist
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Honest Brokers: Th e Politics of Expertise in the “Who Lost China?” Debate Owen Lattimore was one of the most widely admired and infl uential Sinologists in America in 1950 when he was attacked by Senator Joseph McCarthy. No complex social system can survive without knowledge specialists who provide information that political actors rely on to make decisions. But what happens when the advice is widely considered to be incorrect? Using the debate in the early 1950s over “Who Lost China?,” assigning responsibility for the fall of the Nationalist Chinese regime to the Communists, I examine the political battles that surrounded Lattimore’s reputation. Smears (a set of linked and critical claims) and degradation ceremonies (the institutional awarding of stigma) are central tools within contentious reputational politics, undercutting knowledge regimes through the exercise of institutional power. For an expert’s reputation to be preserved, the expert must be defi ned as competent (having an appropriate background), innocent (taking a neutral stance), and infl uential (providing relevant information)
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-12
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2012
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pp. 169-200
Keyword(s):
Social System
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Relevant Information
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The Political
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Political Actors
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Institutional Power
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Th e Cultural Frameworks of Prejudice: Reputational Images and the Postwar Disjuncture of Jews and Communism In the second chapter I ask how the reputation of American Jews as a group shift ed from the 1930s to the 1950s. During the 1930s it was widely believed and publicly discussed that American Jews as a group were linked to the Communist Party of America. By the 1950s, this belief was no longer a part of legitimate public discussion. To understand this dramatic change I apply the theory of prejudice as a function of group position to the examination of reputational politics. For a previously stigmatized group to establish a positive reputation it must demonstrate that it is not fundamentally distinctive from other groups, that its members reveal both good and evil, and that the value of attack has diminished. I focus on the reputations of Alger Hiss and Roy Cohn, as well as the deviance of anti-Semitic talk brought about by the defeat of Nazi Germany
Sticky Reputations
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10.4324/9780203135969-6
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2012
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pp. 42-69
Keyword(s):
Communist Party
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Nazi Germany
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American Jews
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Public Discussion
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Group Position
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Cultural Frameworks
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The 1950S
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Good And Evil
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Group Shift
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