Opportunities and Challenges of Toy Manufacturing Sector in India

This article studies the opportunities and challenges that persist for the Toy Manufacturing sector in India. India is named for its traditional toy a year back history of 5000 years. The industry gives more employment opportunities and provides more revenue to the people who depend on it. But due to the change in liking of traditional toys, patterns and innovation of Chinese toys create a great deal of trouble to the Indian manufacturers. The study is essential in estimating the opportunities and challenges available in the toy manufacturing sectors in India. The study adopts the literature survey approach, mainly from various agencies' reports and news from the websites. The at manirbar mantra, Covid 19 influence, Global scenarios link shows significant opportunities for toy manufacturing sectors. Challenges are found to be in the availability of foreign toys, increased import duty on raw material and capital goods, and introduction of quality standards in Toy Production.

People, Place, and Purpose

While higher ed institutions have been incorporating online learning into their curriculum and delivery of content, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for major reform and reconsideration of learning practices, especially online. This chapter focuses on the ramifications of the pandemic on people, place, and purpose in ways that will have long-lasting meaning for both higher education options and the future of work for years to come. From the form of delivery to the way in which content becomes measured, mastered, and linked to employment opportunities, the future of higher education and work will demand non-degree offerings (NDO) that align with skills gap needs to improve efficiency, speed to completion, and qualifications for jobs and/or promotion.

Career Predilections and Options to Opt Occupation for the Youth in Pakistan

The aim of this study is to find the employment options and career choices of young people in a developing country, Pakistan. In this regard, an exploratory approach is used to conduct this study. The findings of the study show that there are formal and informal options for the youth to choose occupations. Formal includes the employment opportunities provided by the government which include in the long term and short term in their services; however, informal employment includes different kinds of work in the different sectors. Overseas employment is the external option of the career choice for the youth. However, a business incubation center is an internal source of career for university students and graduates who want to opt for entrepreneurship as their career choice. This study provides implications for the government and non-government organizations to create different kinds of employment opportunities to accommodate the huge youth population and make them productive for the economic development of the country and reduce the rate of unemployment.

Understanding Human Resources Needs in Tourism

As one of the world's largest economic sectors, travel and tourism creates jobs, drives exports, and generates prosperity across the world. Comprising a wide range of industries, it supports one in every ten jobs on the planet, has accounted for one in five of all jobs created across the world over the past five years, and is a dynamic and complex engine of employment opportunities. Its companies are inside a competitive arena and must ensure its sustainability on the basis of its greatest asset: its employees. Nowadays in the workplace there are a great diversity of cultures, ages, and generational differences, and employers have to explore new ways to motivate people to efficiently work. Each generation is unique and usually this variety does not work without supervision. The study will be conducted on two Portuguese Polytechnic Institutes with Masters Students from Hospitality and Tourism. As a methodology, it will be used a quantitative research. Conclusions may help companies to better understand the reasons why employees abandon them or are attracted by them.

The fluctuating décor of youth identity in Post-Colonial South Africa

This paper aims to discuss South African youths living in democratic South Africa, it will look critically on the youth definition and, highlight a brief outlook on the youth and society in the African context. It will look African youths as centre of social interfaces and revolution, due to their role in in different structures, culture, sacraments, and social movement. Moreover, it will examine the Born Free generation is an attempt to trigger a dialogue necessary to challenge youth identity crises, youth disparities in education, housing, health care and employment opportunities. Lastly, this paper will look closer on conditions facing young Blacks in today’s South Africa in relation to identity crisis, challenges and opportunities of today’s youths.

The Impact of Future Economic Stability and Family Influence on Students’ Motivation for Higher Education: A Study on IIUM Students

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between future economic stability (FES), family influence (FI) and students’ motivation for higher education (MFHE) based on the perceptions of undergraduate students in IIUM. The questionnaire used was self-developed and piloted with 263 undergraduate students, who were sampled purposely. Content validity, construct validity and – the Cronbach’s alpha for reliability were conducted to validate the instrument. SPSS V25 was used to analyze the data by manipulating the descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings from data analysis indicated that IIUM students held positive perception towards FES, FI and MFHE. The results also revealed a positive and significant relationship between FES, FI and MFHE, and that FES and FI were found to be significant predictors of MFHE. As an implication, higher education institutions as well as parents are urged to support their wards in terms of employment opportunities and continuous parental support, as the impact of future economic stability and family influence have been confirmed in this study as part of the reasons behind students’ motivation for higher education learning.

Policy Implementation of Employment Opportunity for Persons with Disabilities in Pekanbaru City Government Agencies

The employment opportunity policy for persons with disabilities is a policy established by the Government which aims to provide employment opportunities and create employment opportunities for persons with disabilities in order to create equal employment rights between persons with disabilities and normal society so that discrimination against persons with disabilities is eliminated. This study aims to look at the implementation of employment opportunities policies for persons with disabilities in Pekanbaru City and the factors that influence the implementation of these policies. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. This study uses the theory of policy implementation according to Merilee S. Grindle which consists of two indicators that affect the performance of public policy implementation, namely indicators of policy content which include the interests of the target group, types of benefits, degree of desired change, location of decision making, program implementers, resources involved, and indicators of the implementation environment consisting of the powers, interests, and strategies of the actors involved; characteristics of institutions and authorities; compliance and responsiveness. The results of this study are the finding of deficiencies that must be considered to be improved, namely in the aspect of implementing responsiveness (lack of socialization) so that policy implementation has not run optimally in Pekanbaru City. Researchers also found several factors that influence the implementation of this policy in Pekanbaru City, namely the objectives of the policy, human resources, economic conditions, as well as the response and participation of the target group.

Experiences of Unemployed Black People Living with Disabilities in Soshanguve Township, South Africa - An Exploratory Study

The promise of a better life for all made by the South African government in 1994 remains unfulfilled, as many South Africans are still living in the margins of the economy where unemployment and poverty are rampant. People living with disabilities (PLWDs) are the worst affected, as they are poor with no access to jobs and housing. Despite the enactment of the Employment Equity Act (EEA) Number 55 of 1988, employment opportunities for black PLWDs are scarce in South Africa. This is due to, among other reasons, the fact that employers are reluctant to employ disabled people. This narrative study examined the experiences of black people living with disabilities (PLWDs) in Soshanguve Township, Tshwane, South Africa. It employed the symbolic interactionist (SI) theory as a lens to gain insights into the experiences of black women and men living with disabilities in their quest to access employment opportunities. The study was exploratory qualitative in nature and employed the case study design approach. Data were collected using a purposive sample of 15 black men and women living with disabilities in the Soshanguwe Township with whom in-depth interviews were conducted. This was complemented by focus group interviews with 13 purposively selected respondents who met the selection criteria. Findings were that people living with disabilities (PLWDs) were discriminated against and marginalised in employment and the workplace before and after post–apartheid South Africa. This situation leaves them inactive, economically disadvantaged and poor. The study expands knowledge on the experiences of black men and women who live with disabilities, thereby contributing towards the design of public policies and other social security interventions meant to alleviate the plight of marginalised communities in general and people living with disabilities.

Co-living (as a way of life): The Urbanism of the New Urban Crisis in Los Angeles and Beyond

The 21st century global city is in the midst of a new urban crisis: while it holds an increasing monopoly on employment opportunities, it has become harder to access. In this article, I argue that young urban aspirants are still accessing the global city in crisis through the practice of co-living. Co-living can be understood as an emergent collection of residential commoning practices employed by in-bound urbanites to access in-demand parts of the city and attain employment, housing and community. Through a relational ethnographic case study of the PodShare co-living space in the global city of Los Angeles, I argue that co-living is as an urbanism arising to stabilize the new urban crisis on both the level of the individual and the city, guiding individuals to grin at their condition and be increasingly mobile between multiple global cities in an attempt to maximize their chances of securing longer-term residency.