Th e Cultural Frameworks of Prejudice: Reputational Images and the Postwar Disjuncture of Jews and Communism In the second chapter I ask how the reputation of American Jews as a group shift ed from the 1930s to the 1950s. During the 1930s it was widely believed and publicly discussed that American Jews as a group were linked to the Communist Party of America. By the 1950s, this belief was no longer a part of legitimate public discussion. To understand this dramatic change I apply the theory of prejudice as a function of group position to the examination of reputational politics. For a previously stigmatized group to establish a positive reputation it must demonstrate that it is not fundamentally distinctive from other groups, that its members reveal both good and evil, and that the value of attack has diminished. I focus on the reputations of Alger Hiss and Roy Cohn, as well as the deviance of anti-Semitic talk brought about by the defeat of Nazi Germany

2012 ◽  
pp. 42-69
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
American Jews ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Group Position ◽  
Cultural Frameworks ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Group Shift

The Demise of Non-Communist Parties in North Korea (1945–1960)

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Lankov
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
North Korea ◽  
History Of ◽  
United Front ◽  
The 1950S

This article, based on newly declassified material from the Russian archives, deals with the fate of non-Communist parties in North Korea in the 1950s. Like the “people's democracies” in Eastern Europe, North Korea had (and still technically has) a few non-Communist parties. The ruling Communist party included these parties within the framework of a “united front,” designed to project the facade of a multiparty state, to control domestic dissent, and to establish links with parties in South Korea. The article traces the history of these parties under Soviet and local Communist control from the mid-1940s to their gradual evisceration in the 1950s.

What Kind of Job Is That for a Nice Jewish Boy?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Kranson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
The Self ◽  
American Jews ◽  
New Models ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
American Jewish

In the 1950s and early 1960s, American Jews wrestled with new models of masculinity that their new economic position enabled. For many American Jewish novelists, intellectuals, and clergy of the 1950s and early 1960s, the communal pressure on Jewish men to become middle-class breadwinners betrayed older, more Jewishly-authentic, notions of appropriate masculinity. Their writing promoted alternative, Jewish masculine ideals such as the impoverished scholar and the self-sacrificing soldier, crafting a profoundly gendered critique of Jewish upward mobility.

La Ley Maldita: The Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-125
Author(s):  
James Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Mining Regions

This chapter explains Chileans' contributions to the origins of the larger Cold War from 1947 into the 1950s. It incorporates the González administration's conflicts with Chilean Communists and the Soviet bloc, from events in Santiago and Chile's coal mining regions to those in Prague, Bogotá, and the United Nations, into the unfolding global conflict, thus reframing the passing of the Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy, which banned the Chilean Communist Party.

Citizens and Spokesmen

2001 ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Jennifer Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Political Impact

In this chapter, I suggest that rather than focusing the discussion of the socio-political impact of new communications technologies solely within the realm of electoral politics, the scope of analysis should be broadened to take into consideration how individuals are using the Internet and how those practices relate to social and political life. I argue against the equation of technology with increases in individual political agency and suggest an approach that is based in Internet use patterns. Research that does focus on individual web use suggests patterns and strategies of use that do not fall under the purview of these discussions but are nevertheless germane to U.S. democratic politics and public discussion.

‘La mineraria lavori o lasci lavorare’: myth and memory of a labour struggle in Tuscany

Modern Italy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Fantoni
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
A Company

This article is an analysis of a long union dispute between the workers and the management of the Società Mineraria del Valdarno (S.M.V.), a company which had mining rights in the lignite basin of Castelnuovo dei Sabbioni, in the municipality of Cavriglia. Cavriglia is in a ‘red zone’ in the province of Arezzo, in central Tuscany and the dispute raged on from the end of 1947 to the first half of the 1950s. The article focuses primarily on two aspects: (1) how the union dispute of the miners of Valdarno fits into the broader political strategy of the Italian Communist Party (PCI); (2) how this struggle was perceived and elaborated by workers and incorporated into the collective memory of local communities.

Encounters in the Metropole

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud S. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Urban Life ◽  
Main Pole ◽  
Cultural Frameworks ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Immigrant Neighborhoods

This chapter discusses how migration and settlement in Marseille in the 1950s and early 1960s illustrates the impact of colonial legacies in shaping the contours of Muslim–Jewish relations in the metropole. While Paris remained the main pole of attraction for both, Marseille's close proximity to North Africa, its Mediterranean climate, and its expanding economy meant that the city attracted thousands of repatriates and immigrants in the 1950s and 1960s. Shared cultural frameworks and the common experiences of migration and displacement meant that Muslim and Jewish newcomers often had much in common, creating the basis for convivial exchange in the mixed immigrant neighborhoods where many initially settled. Such commonalities did not, however, ensure similar processes of incorporation into French urban life. Differing relationships to the French state and levels of communal development meant that incoming Jews often not only had more resources available to them than Muslims arriving in the same period but also benefited from a local administration sympathetic to their concerns.

Orthodox Prose Poetry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Admussen
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Prose Poetry ◽  
The Political ◽  
Study Group ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
Prose Poem ◽  
Prose Poems ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This chapter opens by studying the two most seminal prose poets of the 1950s, Ke Lan and Guo Feng. It shows that by faithfully ventriloquizing state socialism, they effectively subjectivize it, putting the words of the collective into the mouth of the individual. It demonstrates the way in which the political pressures of the 1950s provoked acts of definition and organization on the part of prose poets. The second half of chapter three reads the prose poetry community itself as a key text of orthodox art. It finds that an intentional modeling of prose poetry communities on the structures of the Communist Party has produced a set of dynamics that are hierarchical, inter-organizational, and self-reproductive. These dynamics influence the composition of prose poems through the interventions of educators, editors, and study group administrators, leading to the conclusion that many people participate in the writing of each orthodox prose poem.

Bandung School

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Katherine Rath
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
New Order ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Art School

The Bandung School refers to one of the streams of modern art in post-revolutionary Indonesia. It is associated primarily with the art school in what is known now as the Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), and encompasses the works of the first generations of its students, many of whom became its first Indonesian instructors. Forerunners of the school include Mochtar Apin (1923–1994), But Mochtar (1930–1986), Ahmad Sadali (1924–1987), Sudjoko Danoesoebroto (1928–2006), Syafe’i Soemardja, Srihadi Sudarsono (1931--), Popo Iskandar (1927–2000), and A.D. Pirous (1933--), all of whom attended the school during the 1950s. As lecturers, professors and exhibiting artists, they came to define a modernist and universalist approach to art practice and style. This ultimately clashed with nationalist critics during the 1950s, who contended that their work lacked an Indonesian soul and did not reflect Indonesian experience. During the early 1960s, the Bandung School was increasingly under pressure and marginalized by its ideological opponents, most notably from the Communist Party. However, with the sweeping political changes of 1965–1967, the Bandung School artists and their aesthetic philosophy came to prominence in the emerging New Order.

‘Forgive Me, Love…It Was Stronger than I am’: Negotiating Intimacy and Sexuality

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-91
Author(s):  
Niamh Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Time Out ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
The Catholic Church

This chapter explores intimacy and sexuality in courtship. The ordinary experiences of the diaries and memoirs are set against the (somewhat) differing codes of morality dictated by the Catholic Church, the Communist Party (PCI), and mass culture so that we can see how people often measured their choices and experiences against their ideas of how a model man or woman should behave. We see how the rituals, rules, and surveillance common in upper- and middle-class courtships in the 1950s often left little room for intimacy. Meanwhile, the piazza, a common site of courtship in most towns and cities, was all too often about display rather than real communication. By the late 1950s, the economic boom was beginning to open up new spaces of leisure and intimacy for young Italians, particularly the beach and the car. As couples began to spend more time out of the home together, courtship was becoming both more public and more private, with these new spaces providing more space for intimacy and sexuality, with increasingly shared leisure and communication between the sexes.

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