A Systematic Framework of KPIs for Measuring High-Rise Modular Integrated Construction

Modular integrated construction (MiC) has been introduced in high-rise construction for achieving sustainable development. As high-rise MiC disruptively transforms the construction process compared with conventional construction, it is imperative to systematically understand its performance, which however has not been sufficiently reported in previous literature. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a new framework of key performance indicators (KPIs) for project stakeholders to comprehensively measure and effectively benchmark the performance of high-rise MiC projects. This framework is developed based on the concept of sustainable construction that covers social, environmental and economic aspects. Through a comprehensive literature review, expert interviews, and a focus group meeting, 32 KPIs are established in the three sustainability aspects. An eight-step process is suggested for project stakeholders to adopt these KPIs to measure MiC performance in three tiers, i.e., overall building, off-site and on-site, and modular works. A case study is then presented which demonstrates that the framework is effective in measuring the sustainability of high-rise MiC and applicable for comparing MiC with conventional practices. The framework fills the knowledge gap of performance measurement on high-rise modular construction and contributes a methodological foundation for future quantitative benchmarking of MiC sustainability.

A Roadmap for Sustainable Development Through Responsible Sourcing in Construction

Responsible sourcing and green supply chains are becoming dominant tools towards procuring materials in a sustainable manner across the architecture, engineering and construction sector to achieve the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. The aim of this study was to provide a structured review of responsible sourcing literature to identify the potential opportunities and obstacles towards the accomplishment of a roadmap for the sector to support delivery of the goals. The main opportunities included competitive advantage, stakeholder value and improved supply chain management. The main obstacles included cost, deficiencies in structured frameworks and an array of industry specific constraints. These were aligned with the goals to produce a roadmap, validated by industry experts. For fruition, it is surmised that refocusing the industry in recent years combined with achievement of the goals will stimulate innovative technical solutions to produce truly sustainable development.