Kierunki i uwarunkowania polityki zagranicznej Jemenu w latach 1990-2014

Trends and determinants of Yemen’s foreign policy between 1990 and 2014 The article discusses the evolution of Yemeni foreign policy from the unification of the two Yemeni states till the aftermath of the events related to the so-called Arab Spring of 2011. It underlines the determinants and implications of Yemeni foreign policy, particularly in the economic context, as well as the external interventionism, which eventually led to the destabilization. The text also elaborated the Polish direction in Yemeni foreign policy at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Konstytucyjne podstawy wolności religijnej w wybranych państwach Europy i Ameryki Łacińskiej

The constitutional basis for religious freedom in selected countries in Europe and Latin AmericaReligion helps man keep his own identity. It enables him to participate in a common heritage. The study provides the constitutional basis for religious freedom in the individual dimension in selected countries in Europe and Latin America. The authors discuss the provisions on religious freedom enshrined in the constitutions of Italy, Spain and Portugal, as well as Argentina, Chile and Colombia.The analysis leads to the conclusion that religious freedom is a human right protected both in the constitutions of European countries as well as in the constitutions of Latin American countries.The inclusion of the provisions on religious freedom in the individual dimension in the constitutions is due to certain similarities of the system of European and Latin American. Common features of both systems is that Europe and Latin America belong to the so-called Western civilization. The legal systems of Latin American countries formed primarily on the basis of Roman law.Although the wording of the provisions on religious freedom in the individual dimension in the constitutions of Latin American countries is similar to the editorial rules of the constitution states of Europe, in practice there are other ways to implement this freedom and guarantees its protection.

Stolica Apostolska w polskiej polityce zagranicznej na uchodźstwie (Wrzesień 1939 – czerwiec 1940)

The Holy See In Polish Foreign Policy of the Government on exile (September 1939 — June 1940) The article is devoted to the reexamining of the policy of Polish Government on exile toward the Holy See after Poland’s defeat in September 1939 and the reestablishment of the legal authorities of Poland in France, under President Raczkiewicz and General Sikorski as Prime Minister. Terminus ad quem of the narration is the collapse of France and transfer of the Government of Poland to London in June 1940. Problems of Vatican’s perception of Polish Question is discussed on the basis of Polish archival documents, especially those of Polish Embassy to the Holy See. Vatican-Polish relations at the beginning of the World War II require special attention because the last treatment of this highly debatable problem was made in historiography by Zofia Waszkiewicz more than thirty five years ago in her monograph Polityka Watykanu wobec Polski 1939–1945 [Policy of the Vatican toward Poland 1939—1945] (Warsaw 1980). How much Polish diplomacy achieved fighting for the Holy See’s support against Nazi Germany? Two things must be said. Firstly, the Holy See recognized the legal continuity of Polish State after the German-Soviet occupation of Poland’s territory in September 1939, but did not sent the papal nuncio to Angers, when Polish Government resided. Secondly, Polish thesis on the special significance of Polish Question as the test-case of international justice received the positive response of the Pope Pius XII in his encyclical Summi Pontificatus published on October 20 1939, but the guidelines of Vatican’s policy were based on the doctrine of strict neutrality of the Papacy in the international relations. It did not permit for Papal condemnation ex officio of the Nazi crimes and criminal policy of extermination in Poland.

Konstytucyjne warunki uczestnictwa w unii walutowej – wybrane zagadnienia

Constitutional conditions for participation in Monetary Union-selected issues This article discusses the changes in the constitutional regulation of Member States concerning the monetary union. Analysis have been subjected to the ECB'S recommendation concerning the need for amendment of the Constitution, in the context of the preparation of the convergence with condition of the accede to the monetary union, and the options of the new constitutional regulation after Poland entry to the eurozone. Discussed was also the issue of NBP'S authorities in the context of the participation of the Polish Central Bank into the ESCB.

Ocena ataku na szpital w Kunduzie w świetle międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego

Evaluation of the attack on the Kunduz hospital in the light of international humanitarian law The article concentrates on the recent US attack on a hospital led by the international non-governmental organization Médecins Sans Frontières. The hospital was located in Kunduz in Afghanistan and the attack took place on October 2, 2015. The author briefly analyses the legality of the attack in the light of international humanitarian law, especially in the light of the rules of targeting military objectives.

Kultura organizacyjna w agencjach regulacyjnych Unii Europejskiej

Organizational Culture in the EU Regulatory AgenciesOrganizational culture means a set of values, norms, symbols, customs and traditions. In consequence it affects the interpretation of reality by employees of the organization, their behavior and impact in relation to other entities. It is also an important foundation in the process of building institutional identity. The problematic of organizational culture is a field of interest for specialists representing many different scientific disciplines. Especially private organizations, such as multicultural, transnational and transboundary active corporations undergone multiple detailed analysis both in international and in Polish context. The organizational culture of the EU regulatory agencies, by contrast, has not been analyzed yet in-depth. The article aims to explain the most important problems connected with this topic with special emphasis on the inter-governmental structure of these bodies.