Muhammadiyah Sebagai Gerakan Pendidikan: Sejarah Eksistensi Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah di Sulawesi Tenggara

This article presents an analytical description of the Muhammadiyah movement in the field of higher education services in Southeast Sulawesi. Data was garnered from in-depth interviews, observations and documents which were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of data analysis show that there are two main factors that move Muhammadiyah to establish universities in Southeast Sulawesi. First, internal factors such as moral awareness to build civilization through education. Second, external factors such as situational "pragmatic" dimensions and the influence of geo-political dimensions. This study shows that the success of Muhammadiyah in establishing universities is closely related to the collegial collective character and the strength of Muhammadiyah's philanthropic ethos. The large network of Muhammadiyah universities makes this organ gains social legitimacy as a reliable and trusted organ in higher education governance. The capital of cultural strength and social networks by Muhammadiyah activists is mobilized intelligently through elegant framing, so that in the end this organ is not only able to establish and build but also can advance higher education in a sustainable manner.Keywords: Higher education; Muhammadiyah; social movement theory

Strategi Kepala Sekolah dalam Pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer (UNBK) di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

This qualitative case study aims to review and analyze the condition of the information and communication technology (ICT) facilities for the implementation of the computer-based national examination (UNBK), the principal's strategies in implementing UNBK, and the obstacles in implementing UNBK at one of junior high schools in Kota Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected by interview, observation and documentation. The result of data analysis revealed the lack of facilities for the implementation of UNBK in the school. The principal's strategies in implementing UNBK in the school cover various aspects, such as facilities and infrastructure, human resources, and pupil affairs. Two obstacles emerged i.e., technical and non-technical.