The effectiveness of policies promoting facility-based deliveries in reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries

Infections with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years of age worldwide, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [...]

Download Full-text

Assessing the global burden of hemorrhage: The global blood supply, deficits, and potential solutions

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211054995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110549

Author(s):

Nakul P. Raykar ◽

Jennifer Makin ◽

Monty Khajanchi ◽

Bernard Olayo ◽

Alejandro Munoz Valencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Supply ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Global Burden ◽

Obstetric Hemorrhage ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

New Approaches ◽

Blood Processing ◽

Low And Middle Income

There is a critical shortage of blood available for transfusion in many low- and middle-income countries. The consequences of this scarcity are dire, resulting in uncounted morbidity and mortality from trauma, obstetric hemorrhage, and pediatric anemias, among numerous other conditions. The process of collecting blood from a donor to administering it to a patient involves many facets from donor availability to blood processing to blood delivery. Each step faces particular challenges in low- and middle-income countries. Optimizing existing strategies and introducing new approaches will be imperative to ensure a safe and sufficient blood supply worldwide.

Download Full-text

Assessing the Burden ofClostridium difficileInfection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01747-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. A. Roldan ◽

A. X. Cui ◽

N. R. Pollock

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Antibiotic Stewardship ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Resource Limited Settings ◽

Middle Income ◽

Content Type ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Low And Middle Income

ABSTRACTIn contrast to the significant resources invested in the diagnosis and prevention ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) in resource-rich settings, in resource-limited settings patients with community- and hospital-acquired diarrhea may not routinely be tested for CDI. Is CDI actually less frequent or severe in resource-limited settings, or might we be missing an important opportunity to prevent CDI-related morbidity and mortality (and to promote antibiotic stewardship) in these settings? Here, we review the literature to assess the overall burden of CDI in low- and middle-income countries.

Download Full-text

P2-092: The hepatitis prevention, control, and elimination program in Mongolia: a model for eliminating viral hepatitis in low and middle income countries with high burden of hepatitis related morbidity and mortality

Journal of Viral Hepatitis ◽

10.1111/jvh.211_12923 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 153-154

Keyword(s):

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Middle Income ◽

High Burden ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

Download Full-text

Effect of Synthetic Vitamin A and Probiotics Supplementation for Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality during the Neonatal Period. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 791

Author(s):

Aamer Imdad ◽

Faseeha Rehman ◽

Evan Davis ◽

Suzanna Attia ◽

Deepika Ranjit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Probiotic Supplementation ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Low And Middle Income

Background: Suboptimal nutritional status of a newborn is a risk factor for short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this review were to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of neonatal synthetic vitamin A supplementation, dextrose gel and probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality during infancy in low and middle-income countries. Methods: We included randomized trials. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We conducted electronic searches on multiple databases. Data were meta-analyzed to obtain relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Studies for vitamin A and Probiotics were analyzed separately. No studies were found for dextrose gel supplementation during neonatal period. The overall rating of evidence was determined by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Sixteen studies assessed the effect of vitamin A supplementation during the neonatal period. Based on pooled data from community-based studies only, there was no significant effect of vitamin A on all-cause mortality at age 1 month (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90, 1.08), 6 months (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.89–1.08) and 12 months (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94, 1.14) but increased risk of bulging fontanelle (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12, 2.09). The overall quality of evidence was high for the above outcomes. Thirty-three studies assessed the effect of probiotic supplementation during the neonatal period and were mostly conducted in the hospital setting. Probiotics reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66, 0.96), necrotizing enterocolitis (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35, 0.59) and neonatal sepsis (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70, 0.86). The grade ratings for the above three outcomes were high. Conclusions: Vitamin A supplementation during the neonatal period does not reduce all-cause neonatal or infant mortality in low and middle-income countries in the community setting. Probiotic supplementation during the neonatal period seems to reduce all-cause mortality, NEC, and sepsis in babies born low birth weight and/or preterm in the hospital setting.

Download Full-text