PARTO HUMANIZADO Y LA FUNCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA EN LOS ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE SALUD PÚBLICA.

Introducción: la humanización del parto asegura el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, reproductivos y sexuales de la gestante y la familia, reduciendo complicaciones perinatales y morbi-mortalidad materno-infantil. Objetivo: Caracterizar el parto humanizado y las funciones de enfermería en los establecimientos de salud pública. Métodos: diseño documental con revisión bibliográfica sobre humanización del parto para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos como: PubMed, Taylor y Francis, LILACS, MEDLINE, BVS, SCIELO, LATINDEX, GOOGLE ACADÉMICO, en idioma español e inglés. Resultados: En base a revisión y análisis de 40 artículos se pudo conocer que el parto humanizado es reconocido mundialmente como una estrategia eficiente para reducir complicaciones perinatales y lograr una maternidad satisfactoria y que a nivel latinoamericano; Brasil, Perú, Argentina, Ecuador, Venezuela y México ya cuentan con iniciativas del sector público, privado y de organizaciones civiles para promocionar parto humanizado, y con ello reducir las tasas de cesáreas, parto instrumentado, morbi-mortalidad materno infantil y lograr una maternidad satisfactoria, segura basada en prácticas no invasivas ni farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor, educación y autorización sobre procedimientos, autonomía, buen trato y respeto por sentimientos y creencias. Conclusiones: En el pato humanizado, el rol de enfermería es esencial sobre todo en los establecimientos públicos en donde se asume maltrato, negligencia o falta de respeto por el parto, por lo que la enfermera está llamada a educar a la parturienta sobre el trabajo de parto y parto. Palabras clave: parto humanizado, atención perinatal, enfermería, recién nacido. ABSTRACT Introduction: the humanization of childbirth ensures respect for the fundamental, reproductive and sexual rights of the pregnant woman and the family, reducing perinatal complications and maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize humanized delivery and nursing functions in public health establishments. Methods: documentary design with bibliographic review on the humanization of childbirth for which a search was carried out in databases such as: PubMed, Taylor and Francis, LILACS, MEDLINE, BVS, SCIELO, LATINDEX, GOOGLE ACADEMICO, in Spanish and English. Results: Based on a review and analysis of 40 articles, it was possible to know that humanized delivery is recognized worldwide as an efficient strategy to reduce perinatal complications and achieve a satisfactory maternity and that at the Latin American level; Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Ecuador, Venezuela and Mexico already have initiatives from the public and private sectors and civil organizations to promote humanized delivery, and thereby reduce the rates of cesarean sections, instrumented delivery, maternal and infant morbidity and mortality and achieve motherhood, satisfactory, safe based on non-invasive or pharmacological practices for pain relief, education and authorization on procedures, autonomy, good treatment and respect for feelings and beliefs. Conclusions: In the humanized duck, the role of nursing is essential especially in public establishments where abuse, neglect or lack of respect for childbirth is assumed, so the nurse is called to educate the woman in labor about the labor of labor and delivery. Keywords: humanized delivery, perinatal care, nursing, newborn

Relationship of Iron Consumption with Anemia in Pregnant Women

The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia ranges from 20-80%, but in general, many studies show anemia in pregnant women is greater than 50%. In the western part of Indonesia, the area is classified as high, anemia in Aceh is 56.6%, North Sumatra 77.9%, West Sumatra 8.9%, Riau 65.6%, Jambi 74.2%, South Sumatra 58.3, Lampung 60.7%. In pregnancy, anemia can harm maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. In a pregnant state, the supply of iron from food is still not sufficient so that a supplement is needed in the form of blood/Fe added tablets. Because the benefits of Fe tablets are very large for the prevention of anemia in pregnant women. However, there are still many pregnant women who do not consume Fe tablets up to 90 tablets. So that the administration of Fe tablets has not yet reached the target where the central government has set it. The results of Riskesdas in 2013 from 89.1% of pregnant women who consumed Fe tablets, only 33.3% consumed up to 90 Fe tablets as recommended.

Treatment of cracked nipples

Until now, the attention of OMM workers to the treatment of cracked nipples in a woman has not been sufficiently fixed. Meanwhile, this disease, seemingly so insignificant, causing suffering to the mother, often from the very first days disrupts the correct breastfeeding of the child, often forces a woman to transfer the child to early supplementation or even wean it from the breast, which clearly leads to an increase in infant morbidity and mortality.

Maternal age and parity associated with low birth weight infants

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants indicate infant morbidity and infant mortality rates. In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate is still very high, with 32 deaths per 1 000 live births. The purpose of this study is to prove a relationship between maternal age and parity with LBW infants.

Educational interventions for malnutrition in Mexican children

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2019, 21% of children living in rural areas have chronic malnutrition and 24% of children under 12 years of age in the country are overweight or obese. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The objective of this article was to know the characteristics of the educational treaties for malnutrition. The search for articles and documents made in PUBMED, EBSCO, GOOGLE SCHOOLAR and government and international pages. RESULTS: 28 nutritional educational interventions were analysed. 21.4% of the studies carried out were in the state of Sonora, almost 57% of the studies were of a quasi-experimental type. The most used strategies in complications include Exhibition of theoretical and practical content; use of games (table, crossword puzzles, memoramas, etc.); physical activity and use of audiovisual media. 96% of the studies carried out had statistically affected differences with p values ​​from .05 to .000. CONCLUSIONS: The educational practices must be carried out in a holistic way determined by the following aspects: Elements of knowledge and food practices; Psycho-emotional elements; Sociocultural elements and economic elements.

THE PROBLEM OF CONGENITAL DEVELOPMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CHILDREN, DEFORMATIONS AND CHROMOSOME DISORDERS IN MARIUPOL

Congenital malformations (congenital malformations) of the fetus are considered the most important medical and social problem, since they occupy a leading place in the structure of the causes of perinatal, neonatal and infant morbidity, mortality and disability. The study is devoted to the analysis of this problem in Mariupol.

Hypoxic Status Is Associated With The Intensity Of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (Hif)-1α Expression In A Premature Placenta

Prematurity refers to live births before 37 weeks of gestation and associated with infant morbidity/mortality. Activation of HIF during the final pregnancy phase is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of premature birth and other pregnancy disorders. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hypoxicstatus and the intensity of HIF-1α expression in a premature placenta.Stored biological materials premature placenta (paraffin blocks) was used in this study. Thirtyone samples of placental hypoxia (H) and 28 samples of premature placental non-hypoxia (N) as controls, were selected non-random consecutively. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze HIF-1α expression. TheChi-square testwas used to analyze the data and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Moderate to strong intensity of HIF-1α expressionwas observed in 58% of hypoxic placenta samples, whereas most of non-hypoxic placental samples(86%) did not expressed or expressed weaklyHIF-1α.There was a significant correlation between the intensity of HIF-1α expression and placental hypoxia (p <0.05) and Odds Ratio (OR) value was 8.31 with a 95% confidence interval (2.32-29.77). The conclusion shows that hypoxic status is associated with intensity of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression in a premature placenta.

Associations of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bioactive Proteins with Infant Morbidity and Inflammation Among Malawian Mother-Infant Dyads

ABSTRACT Background Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive proteins likely benefit infant health, but information on these relationships is sparse. Objective We aimed to examine associations of milk content of HMOs and bioactive proteins with incidence and longitudinal prevalence of infant morbidity (any illness, fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection, and loss of appetite) and markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)]. These are secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Methods Breast milk samples at 6 mo postpartum (n = 659) were analyzed to quantify absolute abundance of HMOs, relative abundance of fucosylated HMOs, sialylated HMOs, and 51 individual HMOs, and concentrations of 6 bioactive proteins (lactalbumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, antitrypsin, IgA, and osteopontin). We examined associations of these constituents with infant morbidity from 6 to 7 and 6 to 12 mo, and CRP and AGP at 6 and 18 mo, considering maternal secretor status (FUT2 gene positive) and adjusting for covariates and multiple hypothesis testing. Results Among secretors there were positive associations between total HMOs and longitudinal prevalence of fever (p = 0.032), fucosylated HMOs and incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.026), and lactoferrin and elevated CRP at 18 mo (p = 0.011). Among non-secretors, there were inverse associations between lactoferrin and incidence of fever (p = 0.007), osteopontin and longitudinal prevalence of lost appetite (p = 0.038), and fucosylated HMOs and incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.025), lost appetite (p = 0.019), and concentrations of AGP and CRP at 6 mo (p = 0.001 and 0.010); and positive associations between total HMOs and incidence of lost appetite (p = 0.024) and elevated CRP at 18 mo (p = 0.026), lactalbumin and incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.006), and lactoferrin and elevated CRP at 18 mo (p = 0.015). Conclusion Certain HMOs and bioactive proteins were associated with infant morbidity and inflammation, particularly among non-secretors. Further research is needed to elucidate causality of these relationships. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.