Adult Experimental Psychopathology

2008 ◽  
pp. 234-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kline ◽  
Steven D. LaRowe ◽  
Keith F. Donohue ◽  
Jennifer Minnix ◽  
Ginette C. Blackhart
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Psychopathology

The Competent Infant: Research and Commentary, edited by L. Joseph Stone, Henrietta T. Smith and Lois Barclay Murphy. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1973, 1,193 pp., $30.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 956-957
Author(s):  
R. D. Becker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Behavioral Sequelae

In recent years there has been a bewildering and indeed a staggering proliferation of newly published books, scholarly monographs, research anthologies, and compendia as well as an exponential increase in newly organized professional journals within the areas of developmental and psychological medicine, child neurology, experimental psychopathology and the neurobiology of growth and development as well as new volumes in the area of advances in syndrome identification. These have dealt broadly with subjects ranging from prenatal influences of maternal and fetal undernutrition on the integrity of subsequent brain function to studies dealing with patterns of neurocognitive, affective and communicative development in infancy, to neurological and behavioral sequelae of prenatal and paranatal complications, low birth weight, small-for-dates and preterm babies, fetal heroin or methadone addiction and withdrawal, problems of dysmaturity and the multiple outcomes related to the isolated and restrictive early cognitive and physical environments of the "critically ill" newborn and infant in "intensive special care" in isolettes.

scholarly journals A Research Pathway for Experimental Psychopathology: The Role of External Validity Criteria

2017 ◽  
Vol a4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C L Davey
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Healthy Participants

This paper outlines a putative pathway for experimental psychopathology research developing psychological models of clinical disorders. The pathway uses established external validity criteria to define the pathway and clarifies the important role that research conducted on healthy participants can play in our understanding of clinical disorders. Defining a research pathway for experimental psychopathology in this way has a number of benefits It would (1) make explicit the need to address the external validity of developed models, (2) provide a clear set of criteria that would be required to extend research on healthy individuals to diagnostic populations, and (3) recommend using general psychological knowledge when developing models of psychopathology.

Can placebos prevent intrusive memories?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kube ◽  
Irving Kirsch ◽  
Julia Glombiewski ◽  
Philipp Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Negative Appraisal ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Healthy Participants

After traumatic experiences, intrusive memories can flash back and evoke significant distress. Here, we investigated whether the occurrence of intrusions can be prevented by placebo. After the exposure to an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma, healthy participants (N=112) were randomised to deceptive placebo (DP), open-label placebo (OLP), or a no-treatment control group. The results show that one week later, the groups did not differ in the frequency of intrusive memories. However, participants receiving OLP reported the lowest intensity of intrusions. Participants receiving DP reported the lowest burden of intrusions. Across groups, the expectation that intrusions will be intense and hardly controllable was associated with a higher frequency of intrusions, higher distress, higher burden, and more negative appraisal. The results suggest that expectations play a crucial role in the emergence of intrusive memories and that at least some of the disabling aspects of intrusive memories can be reduced by placebo.

scholarly journals Improving Measurement Precision in Experimental Psychopathology Using Item Response Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-725
Author(s):  
Leah M. Feuerstahler ◽  
Niels Waller ◽  
Angus MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Item Response Models ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Assessment Tasks

Although item response models have grown in popularity in many areas of educational and psychological assessment, there are relatively few applications of these models in experimental psychopathology. In this article, we explore the use of item response models in the context of a computerized cognitive task designed to assess visual working memory capacity in people with psychosis as well as healthy adults. We begin our discussion by describing how item response theory can be used to evaluate and improve unidimensional cognitive assessment tasks in various examinee populations. We then suggest how computerized adaptive testing can be used to improve the efficiency of cognitive task administration. Finally, we explore how these ideas might be extended to multidimensional item response models that better represent the complex response processes underlying task performance in psychopathological populations.

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