Development of Learning Equipment Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) Integration of Character Education in Pancasila and Citizenship Education Subjects (PPKN) at Smp Negeri 20 Makassar

This research is development research that aims to produce a Learning Toolkit for Integrated RPP Character Education in Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) subjects at SMP Negeri 20 Makassar which meets the valid criteria with the subject of this research as many as 30 students in SMP Negeri 20 Makassar in Class VIIA. The desired product in this research is a valid, practical, and effective RPP Learning Tool for Character Education Integration. The product consists of three components, namely: lesson plans, student books, and teacher's books. This developmental research process refers to the 4-D model This model is a learning development approach system that is carried out covering 4 stages, namely defining, designing, developing and disseminating. The results showed that the Learning Toolkit for Integrated Character Education RPP that was developed was declared valid based on the validator's assessment and the results of a limited trial carried out for two trials. The validity of the Learning Toolkit for Integration of Character Education RPP is measured based on the assessment of the results of the validation of experts (validators) who meet the validity criteria, namely (1) RPP with a strong relevance category with a validity coefficient of 3.92 with the "Very Valid" category, (2) student books with the "Valid" category with a validity value of 4.10, (3) Teacher's Books in the "Valid" category with a validity value of 4.30. This shows that the resulting Character Education Integration RPP Learning Toolkit is in the valid category.

SPACECRAFT RELIABILITY CALCULATIONS USING STATISTICAL REGULARITIES IN OCCURRENCES OF FAILURES IN DEVICES, UNITS AND ASSEMBLIES DURING THEIR OPERATION

The paper addresses reliability analysis of manned spacecraft with the use of statistical regularities in in-flight failures of their devices, units and assemblies. It formulates validity criteria for using a device failure in reliability analysis, proposes a method for analyzing and classifying failures which enables factoring in different types of failures in reliability analyses. It considers a hypothesis of the absence of statistically significant differences in probabilities of individual valid failures and demonstrates the feasibility of its adoption with the use of dispersion analysis. A method is developed for evaluating product reliability using a functional relationship between reliability and the number of failures occurring in flight which makes it possible to significantly simplify reliability analysis for complex products, to establish the number of in-flight failures that is acceptable from the standpoint of the product reliability requirements, to study various product architectures from the standpoint of reliability criteria. It proposes a method for evaluating the lower boundary for the probability of manned spacecraft completing their missions based on the failure modes, effects and criticality analysis, and demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing the product redundancy scheme based on the fault tolerance requirements. Key words: manned spacecraft, flight, failure, fault tolerance, classification of failures, reliability, probability of failure-free operation, statistical analysis, dispersion analysis.

Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed Lemna minor Root-Regrowth Test

The common duckweed (Lemna minor), a freshwater monocot that floats on the surfaces of slow-moving streams and ponds, is commonly used in toxicity testing. The novel Lemna root- regrowth test is a toxicity test performed in replicate test vessels (24-well plates), each containing 3 mL test solution and a 2–3 frond colony. Prior to exposure, roots are excised from the plant, and newly developed roots are measured after 3 days of regrowth. Compared to the three internationally standardized methods, this bioassay is faster (72 h), simpler, more convenient (requiring only a 3-mL) and cheaper. The sensitivity of root regrowth to 3,5-dichlorophenol was statistically the same as using the conventional ISO test method. The results of interlaboratory comparison tests conducted by 10 international institutes showed 21.3% repeatability and 27.2% reproducibility for CuSO4 and 21.28% repeatability and 18.6% reproducibility for wastewater. These validity criteria are well within the generally accepted levels of <30% to 40%, confirming that this test method is acceptable as a standardized biological test and can be used as a regulatory tool. The Lemna root regrowth test complements the lengthier conventional protocols and is suitable for rapid screening of wastewater and priority substances spikes in natural waters.

RESULTS OF TESTS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS ON EXPOSURE TO HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES

The article discusses the results of the ERI tests for the effects of heavy charged particles. The data that arose during the irradiation of single radiation effects are presented. During the irradi-ation of the samples, the measurement of the integral flux (fluence) of ions was carried out using track detectors. To conduct the tests, technological equipment was used that implements the operating modes of the tested analog-to-digital converter and provides measurement of the parameters-the validity criteria. When irradiating samples with ions, the occurrence of a thyristor effect, cata-strophic failure and functional interruption effects were not recorded.

Validation of an instrument to determine oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices during pregnancy

Background Oral health of the mother-infant dyad is important to preserve general health. However, there are few instruments in Spanish for the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices that determine this construct. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Maternal Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire (CAPSOM in Spanish). Methods In this instrument development study that carried out in 2018–2019, involving pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 in the city of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. The sample size was calculated based on 10 women per questionnaire item (n = 10 k). The study used Cronbach’s alpha, the modified Lawshe test of validity criteria, factor analysis, and the level of difficulty and discrimination of the items. Results 207 women took part with their signed, informed consent (25 ± 6 years). The internal consistency of the instrument, both total and by dimension was α = 0.70, α = 0.66 knowledge, α = 0.74 attitudes, and α = 0.66 practices. Values of Content Validity Ratio’ ≥ 0.60 were obtained for the final 10 items and Content Validity Index’ = 0.90. The average difficulty index of items was 0.40, and there were significant differences (Kruskall–Wallis, p < 0.001) in the discrimination test. Factor analysis demonstrated three main components. Conclusions A valid and reliable 10-item Spanish questionnaire was designed to measure pregnant women’s oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

First Evaluation of the PTN-104 Plethysmographic Sensor for Heart Rate Measurement

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of HR measurements by the PTN-104 sensor in comparison to the fingertip pulse oximeter, which is a photoplethysmographic sensor (PPG). Twelve healthy participants underwent the same protocol during a single visit. Measurements were taken after each participant completed an initial rest period of 5 minutes and after 1-minute of exercising comprising of 30 squats. Each subject had the PTN-104 sensor attached to the index finger and a fingertip pulse oximeter to the opposite one. When examining the data in aggregate, there was a strong correlation between the PTN-104 sensor and PPG for HR (r = 0.988) with a mean bias of −2.55 bpm (95 % LoA +5.0, −10.1). The PTN-104 sensor satisfied validity criteria for HR monitors, however, showed a lower accuracy for measurements at rest, which is surprising. Due to the noticed limitations, this study should be repeated with a larger group of subjects and the PTN-104 sensor should be compared to the gold standard method for measuring HR, which is ECG.

Development of Teaching Materials for the Pre-Reading and Writing Based on a Contextual Approach in Elementary Schools

This study was a development research with a Four-D development design from Thiagarajan. This study was conducted in two schools in Sinjai Regency, namely SDN 102 and MIN 2 Sinjai. There were two results in this study. The first was prototype development of teaching materials for teaching reading and writing based on a contextual approach in SD/MI uses the Four-D teaching material development procedure from Thiagarajan. The procedures consisted of four stages namely definition, design, development, and dissemination stage. The second result showed that teaching materials for beginning reading and writing based on a contextual approach in Class 2 were declared valid. Teaching materials for teaching reading and writing based on the contextual approach in SD/MI are categorized as valid because in the learning process the validity criteria have been met, namely the average value of expert validation results was categorized as valid. Teaching materials for teaching reading and writing based on a contextual approach in SD/MI were categorized as effective because there was an increase in learning outcomes after the development of teaching materials for beginning reading and writing were from low category to good category. The students’ responses in teaching reading and writing met the effectiveness criteria. Based on the data from the responses of teacher 1 and teacher 2, both of them gave positive responses. The observation sheet was in the good category, implemented completely, and the management of teaching materials for developing teaching reading and writing learning based on the contextual approach was in the very good category. Thus, it showed that the teacher's response, observation sheets, and learning management sheets for teaching materials for teaching reading and writing learning based on the contextual approach were in the practical category.

Student Worksheets with Scientific Literacy Oriented on Hydrolysis Matter by Utilizing Surrounding Materials as an Alternative Practicum in Pandemic Era

Student worksheets are needed to support the learning process that improves student's scientific literacy ability. This study aims to determine the feasibility of student worksheets with science literacy oriented on hydrolysis matter by utilizing surrounding materials as an alternative practicum activity in pandemic era. Research design was used the 4-D model limited to the developing stage with nine students of senior High School as research subjects. The student worksheet's feasibility is viewed from three aspects: validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The student worksheets that developed is feasible if it gets ≥ 61% on the validity and practicality aspects and the N-gain is ≥ 0.3 for the effectiveness aspect. In the validity aspect, the score was 97.20% and 97.00% for the content and construct validity criteria, on very good category. Practicality is viewed from the student response questionnaire results that get an average percentage of 97% and it’s supported by the results of student’s activity observations that get an average percentage of 92.84% on very practical category. The effectiveness aspect in improving science literacy ability indicated by the N-gain score average of 0.88, which is in the high category. Thus the student worksheets developed is feasible for use in the learning process.

Developing Interactive Digital Mathematics Book with Multi Representation Approach for Deaf Students

Mathematics learning objectives for deaf students are not different from normal students, but their learning approach is not the same. Learning materials for deaf students should be made simple and equipped with multi representation. With the development of ICT, multi representation has become easy and inexpensive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an interactive digital book with a multi representation approach for deaf students. This study was carried out using 3 initial stages of 4-D research and development design (define, design, develop, and disseminate). Media feasibility is determined based on the results of expert validation, practicality test, and a passing grade. The average score of book validation by the material expert was 2.92 (97.3%), learning design expert was 2.97 (99%), media expert was 2.99 (99.7%), and language expert was 2.78 (92.7%), so it can be said that the book met the validity criteria. The average score of the practicality test by students was 4.24 (84.8%) and teachers were 4.35 (87%), so it can be said that the book met the practicality criteria. The average passing grade was 83.34%, so the book met the effectiveness criteria. By meeting validity, practicality, and effectiveness criteria, it can be concluded that the digital book met the feasibility criteria as mathematical learning materials for VII-grade deaf students.

Elastography Validity Criteria Definition Using Numerical Simulations and MR Acquisitions on a Low-Cost Structured Phantom

MR Elastography is a novel technique enabling the quantification of mechanical properties in tissue with MRI. It relies on a three-step process that includes the generation of a mechanical vibration, motion capture using dedicated MR sequences, and data processing involving inversion algorithms. If not properly tuned to the targeted application, each of those steps may impact the final outcome, potentially causing diagnostic errors and thus eventually treatment mismanagement. Different approaches exist that account for acquisition or reconstruction errors, but simple tools and metrics for quality control shared by both developers and end-users are still missing. In this context, our goal is to provide an easily deployable workflow that uses generic validity criteria to assess the performance of a given MRE protocol, leveraging numerical simulations with an accessible experimental setup. Numerical simulations are used to help both determining sets of relevant acquisition parameters and assessing the data processing's robustness. Simple validity criteria were defined, and the overall pipeline was tested in a custom-built, structured phantom made of silicone-based material. The latter have the advantage of being inexpensive, easy to handle, facilitate the fabrication of complex structures which geometry resembles the anatomical structures of interest, and are longitudinally stable. In this work, we successfully tested and evaluated the overall performances of our entire MR Elastography pipeline using easy-to-implement and accessible tools that could ultimately translate in MRE standardized and cost-effective procedures.