An International Debate: Commercial Fishing in Galápagos National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Abraham W Manumpil ◽  
Stephanus V Mandagi ◽  
Markus T Lasut

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Efektivitas Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bunaken The important values of Bunaken National Park were gathered through interviews with80 respondents in order to obtain local people’s opinion of the marine park. Results showed that the most important value was coral reefs,holding 68.75% of the respondents’ opinion. Moreover, they put the environmental characteristics, such as fish, biodiversity, and mangrove, as major values of Bunaken National Park. Many respondents mentioned the economic values in relation with tourism business. As many as 11.25% of the respondents claimed that the presence of management and its programs was main value of the marine park. The respondents’ opinion  concerning the threat on the major values of Bunaken National Parkfound that nearly all respondents mentioned several deleterious behaviors that could directly demolish natural environmental values, such as fish blasting, fish poisoning, pollution and illegal mangrove cutting.  Illegal entry of the zonation and excessive exploitation from commercial fishing operations or fish netting, and low awareness  were also found. In addition, 8.75% of the respondents claimed that economic or poverty issues were major threats on Bunaken National Parkvalues, and 5% thought that government policy was the serious threat.This study revealed that Bunaken National Park has been effectively managed. It is indicated by a good patrol system and better social economic condition of the communities living inside the park.Hasil penelitian menunjukkantentang pandangan masyarakat lokal terhadap nilai-nilai penting Taman Nasional Bunaken, yang dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap 80 responden untuk mendapatkan daftar apa saja yang menurut mereka nilai-nilai paling penting dari Taman Nasional Bunaken. Nilai terpenting menurut responden adalah terumbu karang (68,75%). Selanjutnya, responden menempatkan karakteristik lingkungan, seperti ikan, keragaman biologis, dan mangrove, merupakan nilai utama dari Taman Nasional Bunaken. Banyak responden juga menyebutkan nilai-nilai ekonomis yang dihubungkan dengan bisnis pariwisata. Sebanyak 11.25% responden berkomentar, bahwa adanya pengelolaan dan program-programnya merupakan nilai-nilai utama dari Taman Nasional Bunaken. Hasil wawancara tentang pandangan responden mengenai ancaman-ancaman terhadap nilai-nilai utama Taman Nasional Bunaken menunjukkan, bahwa hampir semua responden menyebutkan beberapa tingkah laku yang merusak yang secara langsung menghancurkan nilai-nilai lingkungan alami, misalnya bom ikan, racun ikan, polusi, dan penebangan mangrove secara ilegal. Pelanggaran zonasi dan eksploitasi berlebihan melalui operasi-operasi komersil atau penangkapan ikan dengan jaring, kurangnya kesadaran juga disebutkan. Sebanyak 8.75% responden mengatakan, bahwa isu ekonomi atau kemiskinan merupakan ancaman utama terhadap nilai-nilai Taman Nasional Bunaken; dan 5% responden yang mengatakan, bahwa kebijakan pemerintah merupakan ancaman serius. Penelitian ini mendapati, bahwa Taman Nasional Bunaken telah dikelola secara efektif. Hal ini diindikasikan dengan adanya suatu sistem patroli yang berjalan dengan baik dan peningkatan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken.


2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenaël Cadiou ◽  
Charles F. Boudouresque ◽  
Patrick Bonhomme ◽  
Laurence Le Diréach

Abstract Cadiou, G., Boudouresque, C. F., Bonhomme, P., and Le Diréach, L. 2009. The management of artisanal fishing within the Marine Protected Area of the Port-Cros National Park (northwest Mediterranean Sea): a success story? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 41–49. The Port-Cros National Park, France (northwest Mediterranean Sea), established in 1963, is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) where, unlike no-take areas, artisanal fishing has been permitted (except trawling), owing to social and economic pressures. Nevertheless, restrictions on artisanal fishing have increased through a fishing charter (1999). In the meantime, recreational fishing was progressively banned, which has helped as a management tool to make the restrictions on artisanal fishing acceptable in social terms. Monitoring of the artisanal fishing (2000–2005) reveals the stability of the fishing fleet (9–13 vessels); of the fishing effort [number of fishing sets per day between 3.4 (±2.1) and 6.9 (±3.4) in spring, and 3.0 (±1.7) and 5.2 (±2.7) in summer]; and of yields [catch per unit effort between 1.27 (±0.72) and 1.68 (±1.44) kg 100 m of net−1 d−1]. Furthermore, based on an analysis of available data, artisanal fishing does not jeopardize the conservation objectives of the MPA, so that, from 1963 to date, the issue has changed from “What can be done to ban commercial fishing?” to “Is there any reason to ban commercial fishing?”.


Author(s):  
M. R. Edwards ◽  
J. D. Mainwaring

Although the general ultrastructure of Cyanidium caldarium, an acidophilic, thermophilic alga of questionable taxonomic rank, has been extensively studied (see review of literature in reference 1), some peculiar ultrastructural features of the chloroplast of this alga have not been noted by other investigators.Cells were collected and prepared for thin sections at the Yellowstone National Park and were also grown in laboratory cultures (45-52°C; pH 2-5). Fixation (glutaraldehyde-osmium), dehydration (ethanol), and embedding (Epon 812) were accomplished by standard methods. Replicas of frozenfracture d- etched cells were obtained in a Balzers apparatus. In addition, cells were examined after disruption in a French Press.


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi Zitting ◽  
Britton Mace ◽  
Grant Corser
Keyword(s):  

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