Social Insurance for Long-Term Care: An Evaluation of the German Model

2011 ◽  
pp. 78-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Rothgang
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
German Model

scholarly journals Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Service Levels

Long-term care (LTC) must be carefully delineated when expenditures are compared across countries because how LTC services are defined and delivered differ in each country. LTC’s objectives are to compensate for functional decline and mitigate the care burden of the family. Governments have tended to focus on the poor but Germany opted to make LTC universally available in 1995/1996. The applicant’s level of dependence is assessed by the medical team of the social insurance plan. Japan basically followed this model but, unlike Germany where those eligible may opt for cash benefits, they are limited to services. Benefits are set more generously in Japan because, prior to its implementation in 2000, health insurance had covered long-stays in hospitals and there had been major expansions of social services. These service levels had to be maintained and be made universally available for all those meeting the eligibility criteria. As a result, efforts to contain costs after the implementation of the LTC Insurance have had only marginal effects. This indicates it would be more efficient and equitable to introduce public LTC Insurance at an early stage before benefits have expanded as a result of ad hoc policy decisions.

scholarly journals Social Insurance Accounting for a Notional Defined Contribution Scheme Combining Retirement and Long-Term Care Benefits.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Vidal-Meliá ◽  
Manuel Ventura-Marco ◽  
Juan Manuel Pérez-Salamero González
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
Notional Defined Contribution ◽  
Double Entry

This paper develops a social insurance accounting model for a notional defined contribution (NDC) scheme combining retirement and long-term care (LTC) contingencies. The procedure relies on standard double-entry bookkeeping and enables us to compile a “Swedish” type actuarial balance sheet (ABS) following a framework equivalent to an open group approach. This methodology is suitable for reporting the system’s solvency status and can show periodical changes in the system’s financial position by means of an income statement. The information underpinning the actuarial valuation is based on events and transactions that are verifiable at the valuation date, without considering expected future trends. The paper also contains an illustrative example to make it easier for policymakers to understand the main advantages and difficulties of our proposal. The policy conclusions stress the need to properly report social insurance benefits to enhance transparency and sustainability and to improve decision-making because it is in the public interest to do so.

Long-Term Care

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

This chapter is concerned with the rise in long-term care needs. Long-term care concerns individuals who are no longer able to carry out basic daily activities. Most of the care is currently provided by informal caregivers, mainly the family, while the role of formal care provided by the state or the market remains small. The chapter explains, however, why informal care is expected to decline and analyses the low private insurance development, the so-called long-term care insurance puzzle. These two factors, the decreasing role of the family and a thin insurance market, plead for the development of a full fledge social insurance for long-term care. The chapter then looks at the optimal design of such an insurance.

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