Diet variability among pre‐Dogon and early Dogon populations (Mali) from stable isotopes and dental diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-301
Author(s):  
Nonhlanhla Dlamini ◽  
Judith Sealy ◽  
Anne Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Diet Variability ◽  
Dental Diseases

scholarly journals The impact of the Spanish colonization: Paleopathological and isotopic evidences of changes in oral health and dietary diversity in Native colonial societies from the Colombian Southwest

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Burbano Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
El Alto ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Colonial Contact ◽  
The Impact

Summary: Native Americansocieties suffered a profund deterioration of health under European colonization. In addition, dietdiversity and nutritional quality decreased whereas workloads and violence increased considerably.Social and cultural consequences of such contact have been well documented by archaeology, historyand ethno-history. However, the true biological impact is poorly understood. This paper assess thebiological impact of the European arrival to northern South America through the study of humanskeletal remains of two native Colonial societies from the post-contact period in the ColombianSouth West. The first sample came from “El Alto del Rey” (ca 1200-1600 a.C), at Cauca Department,and the second from “Maridías” (1615-1720 a.C), types of dental diseases were obtained as well asphysiological stress indicators and stable isotopes ratios of carbon (12C y 13C) and nitrogen (15N).These data were used to try to determine food intake, dietary diversity, nutrition, and the state oforal health of the Colombian native communities under Spanish control. Dental paleopathologicalanalyses showed a high increase in the rates of caries, dental calculus, periodontal disease,antemortem tooth loose (AMTL) and enamel hypoplasias In agreement with these results, the isotopeanalysis reveals an abrupt increase in the plants rich in carbohydrates consumption and highdependency on plants such as corn and other grains. Changes were more considerable in Maridías thanin El Alto del Rey, since the former was exposed to a longer and more direct colonial contact. Inaddition, this study suggests deep changes in diet, health and way of life of these communities. Thebioarchaeological analysis of human skeletal remains represents an important source for a betterunderstanding of the dynamics of the biocultural change resulting from colonization in Colombia. Keywords: Paleopathology. Post-contact period. Dental diseases. Stable isotopes. Paleodiet. Oralhealth. Colombian Southwest.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

LBA-ECO CD-02 CARBON, NITROGEN, OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES IN ORGANIC MATERIAL, BRAZIL

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BERRY, ◽  
C. COOK, ◽  
T.F. DOMINGUES, ◽  
J. EHLERINGER, ◽  
L. FLANAGAN, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotopes

Relationship between morphometrics and trophic levels in deep-sea fishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ladds ◽  
MH Pinkerton ◽  
E Jones ◽  
LM Durante ◽  
MR Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gape Size ◽  
Morphological Variables

Marine food webs are structured, in part, by predator gape size. Species found in deep-sea environments may have evolved such that they can consume prey of a wide range of sizes, to maximise resource intake in a low-productivity ecosystem. Estimates of gape size are central to some types of ecosystem model that determine which prey are available to predators, but cannot always be measured directly. Deep-sea species are hypothesized to have larger gape sizes than shallower-water species relative to their body size and, because of pronounced adaptive foraging behaviour, show only a weak relationship between gape size and trophic level. Here we present new data describing selective morphological measurements and gape sizes of 134 osteichthyan and chondrichthyan species from the deep sea (200-1300 m) off New Zealand. We describe how gape size (height, width and area) varied with factors including fish size, taxonomy (class and order within a class) and trophic level estimated from stable isotopes. For deep-sea species, there was a strong relationship between gape size and fish size, better predicted by body mass than total length, which varied by taxonomic group. Results show that predictions of gape size can be made from commonly measured morphological variables. No relationship between gape size and trophic level was found, likely a reflection of using trophic level estimates from stable isotopes as opposed to the commonly used estimates from FishBase. These results support the hypothesis that deep-sea fish are generalists within their environment, including suspected scavenging, even at the highest trophic levels.

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