Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Optically Accessed Softmatter Environment

Organic material compositions, able to demonstrate bright delayed fluorescence either by electrical excitation, or by optical excitation, are being applied in various fields of research, ranging from sunlight-powered photonic devices...

Nitrogen released from sago pulp waste and Gliricidia sepium pruning mixtures on a Dystrudept of Central Moluccas and its effect on the growth of maize

The agricultural sector is the mainstay of the economy in Central Moluccas. However, most agricultural soils on the island have low soil fertility. One of the efforts that farmers can make to improve soil fertility is to apply organic matter, which is widely found in Central Moluccas. This study aimed at elucidating the effect of mixing high-quality organic material (Glicidia sepium pruning) with low-quality organic material (sago pulp waste) on the improvement of available nitrogen in an acid soil (Dystrudept) and growth of maize. Two experiments were carried out in a laboratory and a greenhouse. The compositions of the mixtures of sago pulp waste (A) and pruning of Gliricidia sepium (G) were A0 G100; A20G80; A40G60; A60G40; A80G20, and A100G0. Six treatments and one control (no application of residues) were arranged in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the application of the mixture of 20% and 80% of Gliricidia sepium pruning (A20G80) increased the cumulative amount of mineral N in the soil higher than that of the other organic material mixtures, which in turn improved maize growth.

Study of C/N ratio of organic materials and its application in the production of natural fertilizer (bokashi)

Bokashi is an organic fertilizer made from organic materials through fermentation process. A high quality bokashi should have C/N ratio between 10-20, which normally produced from a mix raw organic material with has C/N ratio of 30. However, many studies have shown a composition of raw organic material without a calculation of C/N ratio. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to gather the initial C/N ratio of various raw material from previous published studies, calculate the C/N ratio, and examine the descriptive characteristic (colour, aroma, and texture) of bokashi made from three selected C/N ratios of raw material (30, 70, and 110) and various length of fermentation (10, 17, and 24 days). This research combined literature reviews and laboratory experimental. For laboratory experimental, Complete Randomise Design (CRD) was applied. The result showed that all bokashi produced from raw material mixture with the C/N ratio up to 110 was still acceptable to be directly applied as a fertilizer. Bokashi produced with longer fermentation time had better texture but lower aroma and colour quality.

Development of “Impurities Profiling” by using Morden Analytical Techniques: A Review

Impurities in medicine formulation aren't acceptable. It's defined as any undesired compounds or organic material found in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Impurity are some things that's impure or makes something else impure. Even in minute amounts, the presence of those undesirable compounds might affect the efficacy and safety of medicinal medicines. Impurities don't always need to be inferior.

EFEITOS DE DIFERENTES FONTES DE MATERIAL ORGÂNICO NA FERTILIDADE E UMIDADE DO SOLO

Soil is a resource of fundamental importance for agriculture, one of its functions being the balanced supply of nutrients to plants. One of the ways to make the soil sustainable is by applying organic matter, which can be of animal or vegetable origin. The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding different organic materials to the soil in relation to its fertility and moisture. Conducted an initial analysis to analyze soil fertility. Then the area was divided into plots and the treatments were applied, which consisted of 40 ton ha-1 cattle manure, 5 ton ha-1 poultry manure, 53 ton ha-1 swine manure, 30 ton ha-1 coffee straw and 0 ton ha-1 organic material (control). After 90 days, samples were taken from this soil to analyze its fertility and moisture. The treatments that best contributed to its fertility were swine and cattle manure and the treatment that retained more moisture was coffee straw.

Pollution Credit Certificates Theory: An Analysis on the Quality of Solid Waste Management in Brazil

Purpose: This paper aims to introduce an economic instrument called Theory of Pollution Credit Certificates in the management of municipal solid waste in Brazil, in order to create opportunities to achieve the goal established in the above mentioned policy at lowest possible social costs. Methodology/Approach: The methodology adopted has as a starting point the “constructo” of a scenario in which a city comprised of five brazilian districts produces its urban solid waste made up of 50% organic material. In the proposed scenario, similar to what happens in practice, a fee for collection and treatment of organic material would be charged for two different situations. Findings: The result showed that the use of Pollution Credit Certificates Theory has a better cost-effectiveness for solid waste management because it allows reaching the environmental goal at a lower cost to society. Research Limitation/Implication: Subjectivity of the analysis, due to the “constructo” proposition in the studies. Originality/Value of paper: From the results obtained, we inferred that the use of the Pollution Certificates Theory for the management of brazilian municipal solid waste benefits from economies of scale as it allows in the scenario determined, that districts sell their spaces at the landfill and parallel to this, to promote the practice of composting organic waste in the municipality.