Gene expression in male tick salivary glands is affected by feeding in the presence of females

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix M. Anyomi ◽  
Abdelaziz D. Bior ◽  
Richard C. Essenberg ◽  
John R. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Male Tick ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

scholarly journals An Ixodes scapularis protein required for survival of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick salivary glands

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Sukumaran ◽  
Sukanya Narasimhan ◽  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Kathleen DePonte ◽  
Nancy Marcantonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
United States ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Specific Requirement ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the agent of human anaplasmosis, the second most common tick-borne illness in the United States. This pathogen, which is closely related to obligate intracellular organisms in the genera Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma, persists in ticks and mammalian hosts; however, the mechanisms for survival in the arthropod are not known. We now show that A. phagocytophilum induces expression of the Ixodes scapularis salp16 gene in the arthropod salivary glands during vector engorgement. RNA interference–mediated silencing of salp16 gene expression interfered with the survival of A. phagocytophilum that entered ticks fed on A. phagocytophilum–infected mice. A. phagocytophilum migrated normally from A. phagocytophilum–infected mice to the gut of engorging salp16-deficient ticks, but up to 90% of the bacteria that entered the ticks were not able to successfully infect I. scapularis salivary glands. These data demonstrate the specific requirement of a pathogen for a tick salivary protein to persist within the arthropod and provide a paradigm for understanding how Rickettsia-like pathogens are maintained within vectors.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Clotting time in tick-infested skin varies according to local inflammation and gene expression patterns in tick salivary glands

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanessa Araújo Carvalho ◽  
Sandra Regina Maruyama ◽  
Alessandra Mara Franzin ◽  
Antônio Roberto Rodrigues Abatepaulo ◽  
Jennifer M. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

scholarly journals Salp25D, anIxodes scapularisAntioxidant, Is 1 of 14 Immunodominant Antigens in Engorged Tick Salivary Glands

2001 ◽  
Vol 184 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Das ◽  
Gautam Banerjee ◽  
Kathleen DePonte ◽  
Nancy Marcantonio ◽  
Fred S. Kantor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

Fluid secretion by isolated tick salivary glands dependent on an intact cytoskeleton

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Lamoreaux ◽  
Glen R. Needham ◽  
Lewis B. Coons
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

Increased expression of interleukin-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands are associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome disease characteristics

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Chen ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Zihao Zhou ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Senhong Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Abstract Objective To determine the upregulation of IL-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands (MSGs) in 28 primary SS (pSS) patients and 12 non-pSS subjects and correlate it with disease characteristics. Methods RNA sequencing was utilized to compare IL-21-inducible genes expression in the MSGs between pSS and non-pSS subjects. The subgroups were characterized according to the IL-21 score calculated by seven IL-21-inducible genes. Furthermore, the disease characteristics and transcripts implicated in hypoxia and interferon signalling were assessed in two pSS subgroups. Results We observed that the expression of the IL-21-inducible genes (IL-21, IL-21R, JAK3, STAT1, HLA-B, CCR7 and CXCL10), the so-called IL-21 signature genes, was significantly increased in pSS patients. The upregulation of JAK3 expression may be induced by hypomethylation of the JAK3 promoter in pSS patients and putatively associated with POU2F2. The patients with increased IL-21 signature gene expression showed an increased EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index score and increased enrichment of B cells, memory B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the IL-21 scores in the anti-SSA+, SSB+, ANA+ and high IgG samples were higher than those in the respective antibody-negative samples and normal IgG. In addition, we found both hypoxia and IFN-relevant genes showed strong correlation with IL-21 signature gene expression, indicating their interaction in pSS. Conclusion IL-21 signature gene was associated with typical disease characteristics in pSS, which provides insight into the contribution of the IL-21 signalling pathway to the pathogenesis of the disease and might provide a novel treatment strategy for this subtype of pSS.

Tick salivary glands: the physiology of tick water balance and their role in pathogen trafficking and transmission

Ticks ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Bowman ◽  
A. Ball ◽  
J. R. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

scholarly journals Antigenic Variation of Anaplasma Marginale: Major Surface Protein 2 Diversity during Cyclic Transmission between Ticks and Cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 3057-3066 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Barbet ◽  
Jooyoung Yi ◽  
Anna Lundgren ◽  
B. R. McEwen ◽  
E. F. Blouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Genomic Expression ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Expression Site ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

ABSTRACT The rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale expresses a variable immunodominant outer membrane protein, major surface protein 2 (MSP2), involved in antigenic variation and long-term persistence of the organism in carrier animals. MSP2 contains a central hypervariable region of about 100 amino acids that encodes immunogenic B-cell epitopes that induce variant-specific antibodies during infection. Previously, we have shown that MSP2 is encoded on a polycistronic mRNA transcript in erythrocyte stages of A. marginale and defined the structure of the genomic expression site for this transcript. In this study, we show that the same expression site is utilized in stages of A. marginale infecting tick salivary glands. We also analyzed the variability of this genomic expression site in Oklahoma strain A. marginale transmitted from in vitro cultures to cattle and between cattle and ticks. The structure of the expression site and flanking regions was conserved except for sequence that encoded the MSP2 hypervariable region. At least three different MSP2 variants were encoded in each A. marginalepopulation. The major sequence variants did not change on passage ofA. marginale between culture, acute erythrocyte stage infections, and tick salivary glands but did change during persistent infections of cattle. The variant types found in tick salivary glands most closely resembled those present in bovine blood at the time of acquisition of infection, whether infection was acquired from an acute or from a persistent rickettsemia. These variations in structure of an expression site for a major, immunoprotective outer membrane protein have important implications for vaccine development and for obtaining an improved understanding of the mechanisms of persistence of ehrlichial infections in humans, domestic animals, and reservoir hosts.

Brain factor induced formation of inositol phosphates in tick salivary glands

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis L. McSwain ◽  
James S. Tucker ◽  
Richard C. Essenberg ◽  
John R. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Brain Factor ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands
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