scholarly journals Dose-dependent short- and long-term effects of ionizing irradiation on neural stem cells in murine hippocampal tissue cultures: neuroprotective potential of resveratrol

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e00548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Prager ◽  
Ina Patties ◽  
Katrin Himmelbach ◽  
Eva Kendzia ◽  
Felicitas Merz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ionizing Irradiation ◽  
Hippocampal Tissue ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Magnetically Targeted Ferumoxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyeoun Song ◽  
Young-Ju Kim ◽  
Yoon-Ha Kim ◽  
Jina Roh ◽  
Eun-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Maternal sevoflurane exposure affects differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells by regulating miR-410-3p and ATN1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ziyi Wu ◽  
Xingyue Li ◽  
Yuxiao Wan ◽  
Yinong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Early Differentiation

Abstract Background Currently, numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to commonly used general anesthetics during pregnancy may cause neurocognitive impairment in the offspring. Reportedly, exposure to sevoflurane during mid-trimester of pregnancy can inhibit proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and lead to early apoptosis. Whether exposure to sevoflurane during pregnancy affects the differentiation of NSCs remains unclear. Methods In the present study, pregnant rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane once for 2 h on gestational day 14 (G14) or 3 times for 2 h on G13, G14, and G15. Next, the differentiation of NSCs was measured using neuron marker β-tubulin III and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in fetal brain tissues 24 h and 72 h after anesthesia and in hippocampus on postnatal day 28. Primary cultured rat NSCs were exposed to 4.1% sevoflurane to explore the mechanism. Results The results showed that during mid-trimester, multiple exposures to sevoflurane can cause premature differentiation of NSCs in developing brains of offspring and lead to long-term neuron reduction and astrocyte proliferation in hippocampus. The data from the present study indicated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane downregulated atrophin-1 (ATN1) expression and caused early differentiation of NSCs. Overexpression of ATN1 via lentivirus transfection attenuated the influence of sevoflurane. Using dual luciferase assay, ATN1 was found to be a target gene of microRNA‐410-3p (miR‐410-3p). MiR-410-3p suppression via lentivirus transfection recovered the ATN1 expression and differentiation of NSCs.Conclusions The results from the present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane leads to early differentiation of NSCs and long-term effects via the miR-410-3p/ATN1 pathway.

scholarly journals Maternal sevoflurane exposure affects differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells by regulating microRNA-410-3p and ATN1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
YI ZHANG ◽  
ZIYI WU ◽  
XINGYUE LI ◽  
YUXIAO WAN ◽  
YINONG ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Early Differentiation

Abstract Background Currently, numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to commonly used general anesthetics during pregnancy may cause neurocognitive impairment in the offspring. Reportedly, exposure to sevoflurane during mid-trimester of pregnancy can inhibit proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and lead to early apoptosis. Whether exposure to sevoflurane during pregnancy affects the differentiation of NSCs remains unclear. Methods In the present study, pregnant rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane once for 2 h on gestational day 14 (G14) or 3 times for 2 h on G13, G14, and G15. Next, the differentiation of NSCs was measured using neuron marker β-tubulin III and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in fetal brain tissues 24 h and 72 h after anesthesia and in hippocampus on postnatal day 28. Primary cultured rat NSCs were exposed to 4.1% sevoflurane to explore the mechanism. Results The results showed that during mid-trimester, multiple exposures to sevoflurane can cause premature differentiation of NSCs in developing brains of offspring and lead to long-term neuron reduction and astrocyte proliferation in hippocampus. The data from the present study indicated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane downregulated atrophin-1 (ATN1) expression and caused early differentiation of NSCs. Overexpression of ATN1 via lentivirus transfection attenuated the influence of sevoflurane. Using dual luciferase assay, ATN1 was found to be a target gene of microRNA‐410-3p (miR‐410-3p). MiR-410-3p suppression via lentivirus transfection recovered the ATN1 expression and differentiation of NSCs. Conclusions The results from the present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane leads to early differentiation of NSCs and long-term effects via the miR-410-3p/ATN1 pathway.

scholarly journals Maternal sevoflurane exposure affects differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells by regulating miR-410-3p and ATN1

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ziyi Wu ◽  
Xingyue Li ◽  
Yuxiao Wan ◽  
Yinong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Early Differentiation

Abstract Background Currently, numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to commonly used general anesthetics during pregnancy may cause neurocognitive impairment in the offspring. Reportedly, exposure to sevoflurane during mid-trimester of pregnancy can inhibit proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and lead to early apoptosis. Whether exposure to sevoflurane during pregnancy affects the differentiation of NSCs remains unclear. Methods In the present study, pregnant rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane once for 2 h on gestational day 14 (G14) or 3 times for 2 h on G13, G14, and G15. Next, the differentiation of NSCs was measured using neuron marker β-tubulin III and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in fetal brain tissues 24 h and 72 h after anesthesia and in hippocampus on postnatal day 28. Primary cultured rat NSCs were exposed to 4.1% sevoflurane to explore the mechanism. Results The results showed that during mid-trimester, multiple exposures to sevoflurane can cause premature differentiation of NSCs in developing brains of offspring and lead to long-term neuron reduction and astrocyte proliferation in hippocampus. The data from the present study indicated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane downregulated atrophin-1 (ATN1) expression and caused early differentiation of NSCs. Overexpression of ATN1 via lentivirus transfection attenuated the influence of sevoflurane. Using dual luciferase assay, ATN1 was found to be a target gene of microRNA-410-3p (miR-410-3p). MiR-410-3p suppression via lentivirus transfection recovered the ATN1 expression and differentiation of NSCs. Conclusions The results from the present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane leads to early differentiation of NSCs and long-term effects via the miR-410-3p/ATN1 pathway.

scholarly journals Distribution of Aldh1L1-CreERT2 Recombination in Astrocytes Versus Neural Stem Cells in the Neurogenic Niches of the Adult Mouse Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Beyer ◽  
Wichard Lüdje ◽  
Julian Karpf ◽  
Gesine Saher ◽  
Ruth Beckervordersandforth
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Mouse Line ◽  
Recombination Efficiency ◽  
Subependymal Zone ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Cell Niche

In the adult central nervous system, neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two discrete niches: the subependymal zone (SEZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). Here, NSCs represent a population of highly specialized astrocytes that are able to proliferate and give rise to neuronal and glial progeny. This process, termed adult neurogenesis, is extrinsically regulated by other niche cells such as non-stem cell astrocytes. Studying these non-stem cell niche astrocytes and their role during adult neuro- and gliogenesis has been hampered by the lack of genetic tools to discriminate between transcriptionally similar NSCs and niche astrocytes. Recently, Aldh1L1 has been shown to be a pan-astrocyte marker and that its promoter can be used to specifically target astrocytes using the Cre-loxP system. In this study we explored whether the recently described Aldh1L1-CreERT2 mouse line (Winchenbach et al., 2016) can serve to specifically target niche astrocytes without inducing recombination in NSCs in adult neurogenic niches. Using short- and long-term tamoxifen protocols we revealed high recombination efficiency and specificity in non-stem cell astrocytes and little to no recombination in NSCs of the adult DG. However, in the SEZ we observed recombination in ependymal cells, astrocytes, and NSCs, the latter giving rise to neuronal progeny of the rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb. Thus, we recommend the here described Aldh1L1-CreERT2 mouse line for predominantly studying the functions of non-stem cell astrocytes in the DG under physiological and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Maternal Sevoflurane Exposure Affects Differentiation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells by Regulating microRNA-410-3p and ATN1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
YI ZHANG ◽  
ZIYI WU ◽  
XINGYUE LI ◽  
YUXIAO WAN ◽  
YINONG ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Early Differentiation

Abstract BackgroundCurrently, numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to commonly used general anesthetics during pregnancy may cause neurocognitive impairment in the offspring. Reportedly, exposure to sevoflurane during mid-trimester of pregnancy can inhibit proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and lead to early apoptosis. Whether exposure to sevoflurane during pregnancy affects the differentiation of NSCs remains unclear. MethodsIn the present study, pregnant rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane once for 2 h on gestational day 14 (G14) or 3 times for 2 h on G13, G14, and G15. Next, the differentiation of NSCs was measured using neuron marker β-tubulin III and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in fetal brain tissues 24 h and 72 h after anesthesia and in hippocampus on postnatal day 28. The same procedures were performed on primary cultured rat NSCs to explore the mechanism. ResultsThe results showed that during mid-trimester, multiple exposure to sevoflurane can cause premature differentiation of NSCs in developing brains of offspring and lead to long-term neuron reduction and astrocyte proliferation in hippocampus. The data from the present study indicated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane downregulated ATN1 expression and caused early differentiation of NSCs. Overexpression of ATN1 via lentivirus transfection attenuated the influence of sevoflurane. Using dual luciferase assay, ATN1 was found to be a target gene of microRNA‐410-3p (miR‐410-3p). MiR-410-3p suppression via lentivirus transfection recovered the ATN1 expression and differentiation of NSCs.ConclusionsThe results from the present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane leads to early differentiation of NSCs and long-term effects via the miR-410-3p/ATN1 pathway.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

Estimating the Short- and Long-Term Effects of MAO Zedonggs Economic Radicalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Li-An Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term
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