Dopaminergic modulation of default mode network brain functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge in child and adolescent psychiatry. In the recent decades many studies with longitudinal designs have used neuroimaging with ADHD patients, suggesting its neurodevelopmental origin.ObjectivesStudy the findings of neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET) techniques on ADHD patients from a longitudinal point of view, looking also for the potential influence of treatments and other predictors (i.e. genetics).AimsTo provide a global perspective of all the recent findings on ADHD patients with the neuroimaging technics, focusing on longitudinal measurements of the changes in brain development.MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature in the databases Pubmed and ScienceDirect (terms ADHD, neuroimaging, MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, functional connectivity, metilphenidate and cortical thickness). We focused on studies using neuroimaging techniques with ADHD patients, looking at their populations, methodologies and results.ResultsThe studies found abnormalities in the structure of grey matter, activity and brain connectivity in many neural networks, with particular involvement of the fronto-parietal and Default Mode Network. There is also convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated.ConclusionsThis evidence describe ADHD as a brain development disorder, with delays and disruptions in the global development of the central nervous system that compromises grey and white matters, most evident in the prefrontal cortex, parietal and posterior cingulate cortices, as well as basal ganglia, damaging activity and structural and functional connectivity of various brain networks, especially the fronto-striato-parietal and default mode network.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Abnormal functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate and the default mode network in drug-naïve boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging ◽

10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.07.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 201 (2) ◽

pp. 120-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Li Sun ◽

Qingjiu Cao ◽

Xiangyu Long ◽

Manqiu Sui ◽

Xiaohua Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Default Mode ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Drug Naïve

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The Effects of Medication on Default Mode Network (DMN) Connectivity in Attention Deficit-hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Bibliographic Review

10.26226/morressier.5885d713d462b8028d890d21 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Victor Pereira

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Default Mode ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Brain functional connectivity abnormalities in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

Brain and Behavior ◽

10.1002/brb3.583 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Richard B. Silberstein ◽

Andrew Pipingas ◽

Maree Farrow ◽

Florence Levy ◽

Con K. Stough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Brain Functional Connectivity

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Neural correlates of shared sensory symptoms in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcaa186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Takashi Itahashi ◽

Junya Fujino ◽

Taku Sato ◽

Haruhisa Ohta ◽

Motoaki Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sensory Symptom ◽

Brain Functional Connectivity

Abstract Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often co-occur. Among these, sensory impairment, which is a core diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder, is often observed in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, the underlying mechanisms of symptoms that are shared across disorders remain unknown. To examine the neural correlates of sensory symptoms that are associated with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we analysed resting-state functional MRI data obtained from 113 people with either autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 78 autism spectrum disorder, mean age = 29.5; n = 35 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mean age = 31.2) and 96 neurotypical controls (mean age = 30.6, range: 20–55 years) using a cross-sectional study design. First, we used a multi-dimensional approach to examine intrinsic brain functional connectivity related to sensory symptoms in four domains (i.e. low registration, sensation seeking, sensory sensitivity and sensation avoidance), after controlling for age, handedness and head motion. Then, we used a partial least squares correlation to examine the link between sensory symptoms related to intrinsic brain functional connectivity and neurodevelopmental symptoms measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Conners’ Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, regardless of diagnosis. To test whether observed associations were specific to sensory symptoms related to intrinsic brain functional connectivity, we conducted a control analysis using a bootstrap framework. The results indicated that transdiagnostic yet distinct intrinsic brain functional connectivity neural bases varied according to the domain of the examined sensory symptom. Partial least squares correlation analysis revealed two latent components (latent component 1: q < 0.001 and latent component 2: q < 0.001). For latent component 1, a set of intrinsic brain functional connectivity was predominantly associated with neurodevelopmental symptom-related composite score (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), which was significantly correlated with Conners’ Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale total T scores (r = −0.99, q < 0.001). For latent component 2, another set of intrinsic brain functional connectivity was positively associated with neurodevelopmental symptom-related composite score (r = 0.58, P < 0.001), which was eventually positively associated with Autism Spectrum Quotient total scores (r = 0.92, q < 0.001). The bootstrap analysis showed that the relationship between intrinsic brain functional connectivity and neurodevelopmental symptoms was relative to sensory symptom-related intrinsic brain functional connectivity (latent component 1: P = 0.003 and latent component 2: P < 0.001). The current results suggest that sensory symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have shared neural correlates. The neural correlates of the sensory symptoms were associated with the severity of both autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, regardless of diagnosis.

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Quasi-periodic patterns of brain activity in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

10.1101/435347 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anzar Abbas ◽

Yasmine Bassil ◽

Shella Keilholz

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽

Periodic Patterns ◽

Default Mode ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

And Task

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been shown to have disrupted functional connectivity in the default mode and task positive networks. Traditional fMRI analysis techniques that focus on static changes in functional connectivity have been successful in identifying differences between healthy controls and individuals with ADHD. However, such analyses are unable to explain the mechanisms behind the functional connectivity differences observed. Here, we study dynamic changes in functional connectivity in individuals with ADHD through investigation of quasi-periodic patterns (QPPs). QPPs are reliably recurring low-frequency spatiotemporal patterns in the brain linked to infra-slow electrical activity. They have been shown to contribute to functional connectivity observed through static analysis techniques. We find that QPPs contribute to functional connectivity specifically in regions that are disrupted during ADHD. Individuals with ADHD also show differences in the spatiotemporal pattern observed within the QPPs. This difference results in a weaker contribution of QPPs to functional connectivity in the default mode and task positive networks. We conclude that quasi-periodic patterns provide insight into the mechanisms behind functional connectivity differences seen in individuals with ADHD. This allows for a better understanding of the etiology of the disorder and development of effective treatments.

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Brain-behavior patterns define a dimensional biotype in medication-naïve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

10.1101/190660 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hsiang-Yuan Lin ◽

Luca Cocchi ◽

Andrew Zalesky ◽

Jinglei Lv ◽

Alistair Perry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Resting State ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Clustering Methods ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Default Mode ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractBackgroundChildhood-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is clinically heterogeneous and commonly presents with different patterns of cognitive deficits. It is unclear if this clinical heterogeneity expresses a dimensional or categorical difference in ADHD.MethodsWe first studied differences in functional connectivity in multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquired from 80 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 123 matched healthy controls. We then used canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify latent relationships between symptoms and patterns of altered functional connectivity (dimensional biotype) in patients. Clustering methods were implemented to test if the individual associations between resting-state brain connectivity and symptoms reflected a non-overlapping categorical biotype.ResultsAdults with ADHD showed stronger functional connectivity compared to healthy controls, predominantly between the default-mode, cingulo-opercular and subcortical networks. CCA identified a single mode of brain-symptom co-variation, corresponding to an ADHD dimensional biotype. This dimensional biotype is characterized by a unique combination of altered connectivity correlating with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattention, and intelligence. Clustering analyses did not support the existence of distinct categorical biotypes of adult ADHD.ConclusionsOverall, our data advance a novel finding that the reduced functional segregation between default-mode and cognitive control networks supports a clinically important dimensional biotype of childhood-onset adult ADHD. Despite the heterogeneity of its presentation, our work suggests that childhood-onset adult ADHD is a single disorder characterized by dimensional brain-symptom mediators.

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Exploring white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcaa113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Xuan Bu ◽

Kaili Liang ◽

Qingxia Lin ◽

Yingxue Gao ◽

Andan Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

White Matter ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Functional Networks ◽

Attention Network ◽

Attention Networks ◽

Default Mode ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Drug Naïve

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been identified to involve the impairment of large-scale functional networks within grey matter, and recent studies have suggested that white matter, which also encodes neural activity, can manifest intrinsic functional organization similar to that of grey matter. However, the alterations in white matter functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remain unknown. We recruited a total of 99 children, including 66 drug-naive patients and 33 typically developing controls aged from 6 to 14, to characterize the alterations in functional networks within white matter in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Using clustering analysis, resting-state functional MRI data in the white matter were parsed into different networks. Intrinsic activity within each network and connectivity between networks and the associations between network activity strength and clinical symptoms were assessed. We identified eight distinct white matter functional networks: the default mode network, the somatomotor network, the dorsal attention network, the ventral attention network, the visual network, the deep frontoparietal network, the deep frontal network and the inferior corticospinal-posterior cerebellum network. The default mode, somatomotor, dorsal attention and ventral attention networks showed lower spontaneous neural activity in patients. In particular, the default mode network and the somatomotor network largely showed higher connectivity with other networks, which correlated with more severe hyperactive behaviour, while the dorsal and ventral attention networks mainly had lower connectivity with other networks, which correlated with poor attention performance. In conclusion, there are two distinct patterns of white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, with one being the hyperactivity-related hot networks including default mode network and somatomotor network and the other being inattention-related cold networks including dorsal attention and ventral attention network. These results extended upon our understanding of brain functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of white matter dysfunction.

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