A Modified Four‐Probe Method to Separate Ionic Conductance from Composite Conductors

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 3535-3538
Author(s):  
Xudong Fu ◽  
Zhangxun Xia ◽  
Qingting Liu ◽  
Suli Wang ◽  
Gongquan Sun

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Caracci ◽  
R. S. Geary ◽  
C. M. Wall ◽  
Gary W. Jepson


1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Sally A. Anderson ◽  
Gillian D. Lewis ◽  
Michael N. Pearson

Specific gene probe detection methods that utilise a non-selective culturing step were tested for the ability to recognise the presence of quiescent enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis ) within illuminated freshwater and seawater microcosms. An E. coli specific uidA gene probe and a 23S rRNA oligonucleotide probe for Enterococci were compared with recoveries using membrane filtration and incubation on selective media (mTEC and mE respectively). From these microcosm experiments a greater initial detection (from 4 hours to 1 day) of E. coli and Ent. faecalis using gene probe methods was observed. Additionally, a comparison of E. coli direct viable counts (DVC) in sunlight exposed microcosms with recoveries by selective media and gene probe methods revealed a large number of viable non-culturable cells. This suggests that enumeration of E. coli by a gene probe method is limited by the replication of the bacteria during the initial non-selective enrichment step. The detection of stressed Ent. faecalis by the oligonucleotide gene probe method was significantly greater than recovery on selective mE agar, indicating an Enterococci non-growth phase.



2020 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Yatsufusa ◽  
Keigo Kii ◽  
Naoya Miura ◽  
Hiroki Yamamoto ◽  
Akira Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  


Author(s):  
Yinyin Wang ◽  
Yuwang Yang ◽  
Xiulin Qiu ◽  
Yaqi Ke ◽  
Qingguang Wang


Author(s):  
Samantha A. McGaughey ◽  
Stephen D. Tyerman ◽  
Caitlin S. Byrt


2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1754-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Takeda ◽  
Yoshiaki Yano ◽  
Katsumi Matsuzaki


2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2916-2920
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Ban ◽  
Peng Qian ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Qi Xian Ba ◽  
Jian Zhong Cui

The resistance of Al-21%Cu alloy under no magnetic field, DC magnetic field and AC magnetic field from liquid to solid was measured by a four-probe method. The difference of resistance versus temperature curves (R-T curves) was analyzed. It is found that the R-T curves of Al-21%Cu alloy are monotone decreasing and have two obvious turning points. Under DC magnetic field, the liquidus and solidus temperatures of the alloy both decrease, while under AC magnetic field, the liquidus and solidus temperatures both increase. There is a good agreement between the microstructure of quenching sample and R-T curves. The mechanism of the effect of magnetic fields was discussed.





2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 13019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Waremra ◽  
Philipus Betaubun

There has been conducted Physics research on a material, that is, monitoring electric characteristic of a material using four-point probe method. This research measures current and voltage. The result is used to determine resistivity of a material. The research uses 2 samples, that is, chalk and charcoal. The result shows the resistivity of the sample in the form of bulk (t>s) for chalk has high resistivity on voltage of 6.6 Volt. Meanwhile, resistivity on thick sheet (t<s) has high resistivity on voltage of 7 Volt. On the charcoal material, large resistivity (t>s) is in 6 Volt, and on large resistivity (t<s) is in 6.6 Volt.



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