Long‐term influence of nitrogen, plant growth regulators, and iron sulfate on annual bluegrass populations and turfgrass quality on a golf green

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyuan Tang ◽  
Timothy T. Lulis ◽  
Travis R. Russell ◽  
John E. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Plant

Influence of Nitrogen, Plant Growth Regulators, and Iron Sulfate on Annual Bluegrass Populations on a Golf Green

itsrj ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Kyung M. Han ◽  
John E. Kaminski ◽  
Timothy T. Lulis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Plant

Plant Growth Regulators Applied in Winter Improve Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Seedhead Suppression on Golf Greens

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Golf Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual bluegrass seedhead suppression on golf greens by spring-applied plant growth regulators (PGR) has been erratic between years and locations. To effectively suppress annual bluegrass seedheads on greens, current information suggest ethephon must be applied before floral initiation. Rogue seedheads, however, can sometimes be found in late winter indicating that a variable proportion of annual bluegrass plants may induce floral initiation in winter. Studies were conducted in Blacksburg and Harrisonburg, VA at five separate sites between 2011 and 2012 to determine if winter applications of ethephon or mefluidide would improve annual bluegrass seedhead suppression when applied in advance of a spring, two-treatment program. A spring, two-treatment program of ethephon plus trinexapac-ethyl reduced annual bluegrass seedhead cover 22 to 55% depending on trial and less than similar mefluidide programs. Applying an early application of ethephon in January or February prior to the spring treatment program resulted in 5 to 7 times less seedhead cover at cover maxima than the spring treatment program alone. Ethephon did not injure creeping bentgrass and caused only slight and transient discoloration to annual bluegrass. Mefluidide injured both creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass and reduced annual bluegrass population density in late spring. Programs that consisted of an early ethephon application, a spring treatment of triademifon, and two spring treatments of ethephon plus trinexapac ethyl improved seedhead suppression and turf quality but slightly increased annual bluegrass injury. Methiozolin suppressed annual bluegrass seedheads primarily through severe injury to annual bluegrass, which led to a decline in turfgrass quality and NDVI but a substantial increase in creeping bentgrass cover. Applying PGRs in winter is a novel concept and may substantially improve ethephon consistency and performance for annual bluegrass seedhead suppression on greens.

Field evaluation of preemergence activity of plant growth regulators on annual bluegrass

cftm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqi Li ◽  
Eric Chestnut ◽  
Michael Carlson ◽  
William Kreuser ◽  
Roch Gaussoin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual Bluegrass Control on Putting Greens from Three or Four Years of Season‐long Applications of Herbicides or Plant Growth Regulators in Three States

cftm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Reicher ◽  
Matt Sousek ◽  
Aaron Patton ◽  
Dan Weisenberger ◽  
Aaron Hathaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

scholarly journals Growth of Common Bermudagrass as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators, Soil Type and Nitrogen Fertility

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Devitt ◽  
R. L. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Abstract An experiment was conducted on common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] in the greenhouse using three soil types, four nitrogen(N) levels and three plant growth regulators. Growth response was compared to a control. Cutting biomass, cumulative height, turf color, and evapotranspiration were studied over a 9 week period. Cutless® (flurprimidol) reduced cumulative height by as much as 83% and water consumption by as much as 27%. Embark® (mefluidide) and Limit® (amidochlor) did not provide significant long-term height suppression at any rate or any N level on the three soils. Biomass, cummulative height and color ratings of the bermudagrass were higher on the loam and clay soils compared to the sandy loam soil after growth regulators were applied. Phytotoxicity was observed in the form of leaf tip dieback and discoloration only with Cutless®. Turf discoloration was offset by increased nitrogen levels. However, nitrogen reduced the efficacy of Cutless®. By the ninth week, on the sandy loam soil, color exceeded the acceptable rating for Cutless® only at the 1.5 kg ai/ha (1.34 lb ai/ac) level and 73 kg/halmo (65/lb/ac/mo) nitrogen.

Suppression of a Perennial Subspecies of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annuaspp.reptans) in a Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Green with Plant Growth Regulators

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Tim R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Fall Application

Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol were evaluated for suppression of a perennial subspecies of annual bluegrass in a creeping bentgrass green. Three applications of paclobutrazol in the spring (Mar. 17, Apr. 17, and May 17) followed by three applications in the fall (Oct. 2, Nov. 2, and Nov. 30) suppressed the perennial subspecies ≥ 72% at 3 wk after the final treatment. However, suppression was reduced to ≤ 57% by 4 mo after the final fall application. Flurprimidol applied in three spring and three fall applications did not suppress the perennial subspecies as effectively as paclobutrazol. Suppression was ≤ 47% at 3 wk after the final flurprimidol treatment and was only ≤ 20% by mid-March. Neither chemical injured creeping bentgrass greater than 20% in the spring. However, leaf discoloration injury from the initial October application ranged from 26 to 30% for paclobutrazol in 1993 and 21 to 28% for flurprimidol in 1994. When injury occurred in October it was temporary and the creeping bentgrass recovered within 3 to 4 wk. Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol applied in November did not injure creeping bentgrass.

Effect of Paclobutrazol and Flurprimidol on Suppression ofPoa annuaspp.reptansin Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Greens

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Tim R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Final Treatment

Plant growth regulators paclobutrazol and flurprimidol were evaluated for suppression ofPoa annuaspp.reptans, a perennial biotype of annual bluegrass, in a creeping bentgrass green. Paclobutrazol at 0.6 kg ai/ha applied on Mar. 15, followed by 0.3 kg/ha on Apr. 29, 0.6 kg/ha on Oct. 1, and 0.3 kg/ha on Nov. 12 for each of 2 yr suppressedP. annuaspp.reptans28% approximately 4 mo after the final treatment. When paclobutrazol was applied at 0.3 kg/ha in each of four applications during the same period, suppression was similar to that with the higher rate 1 and 2 mo after final treatment but declined to 7% by 4 mo. Suppression ofP. annuaspp.reptansfrom flurprimidol applied four times during each of 2 yr was 22 to 27% 1 mo after final treatment but no suppression was noted 2 mo after the final treatment. Maximum creeping bentgrass injury was less than 20% when either paclobutrazol or flurprimidol was applied in the spring. However, creeping bentgrass injury was approximately 30% in the fall when either chemical was applied in the spring and repeated in October at 0.6 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Suppression of Annual Bluegrass in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens Using Plant Growth Regulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Paweł Petelewicz ◽  
Paweł M. Orliński ◽  
James H. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Effective Treatments

Decreased stand uniformity together with reduced aesthetics and playability caused by annual bluegrass (Poa annua) intrusion in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) putting greens is one of the major problems that golf course superintendents face with managing newer playing surfaces. Few herbicides are registered for selective control of annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass greens, and the risk of herbicide resistance remains an issue, thus use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is still the primary method of annual bluegrass suppression. This study was conducted to evaluate eight PGR treatments, employed as a series of 15 consecutive, biweekly applications to suppress annual bluegrass encroachment in ‘Pure Distinction’ creeping bentgrass maintained as a golf course putting green in Los Angeles, CA. Best annual bluegrass suppression was observed with products containing flurprimidol (FP) at 0.256 lb/acre, paclobutrazol (PB) at 0.119 lb/acre, or three-way mixture of FP, trinexapac-ethyl (TE), and PB (FP+PB+TE) at 0.055, 0.014, and 0.055 lb/acre, respectively. Although all treatments caused some significant creeping bentgrass injury, which increased over time, PB at 0.119 lb/acre and FP+PB+TE at 0.055, 0.014, and 0.055 lb/acre, respectively, appeared to be safest among effective treatments. Additionally, those treatments caused significantly darker green turf, which may be desirable on putting greens. This research confirms the potential of PGR use to limit annual bluegrass infestation on creeping bentgrass greens in a Mediterranean climate and reveals the most effective treatments that could be used in a putting green maintenance program.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CALLUS AGE, GENOTYPE, AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PLANT REGENERATION FROM ONION SUSPENSION CULTURES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 696h-697
Author(s):  
Song Ping ◽  
Ellen B. Peffley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Cells Cultured

Callus of five onion genotypes representing two species. Allium cepa and A. fistulosum, and their interspecific hybrid were used for establishing suspension cultures. Cultures were derived from callus that had been maintained on solid media and routinely subcultured for four years and from callus induced within six months of this experiment. Long-term callus from which plants were routinely regenerated and newly-induced callus were composed of cells which were, for the most-part, meristem-like with higher mitotic indices than cells from long-term callus which had been maintained as callus but had lost us capability to regenerate plants, these cells were large with small nuclei. Callus from newly-induced and long-term regenerable cultures were selected for further studies. Eight liquid media with factorial combinations of plant growth regulators were tested. Cells cultured in BDS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l ABA and 1.0 or 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D without e-BA had higher mitotic indices and plant regeneration percentages than did cells cultured in the same media without ABA and with 6-BA. Suspension cultures from A. fistulosum and interspecific hybrids with A. fistulosum produced the highest numbers of plants regenerated.

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