The Performance of Different AgTiO2 Loading into Poly(3-Nitrothiophene) for Efficient Adsorption of Hazardous Brilliant Green and Crystal Violet Dyes

The in-situ polymerization technology was used to successfully produce nanostructured binary nanocomposites (NCs) made from a poly (3-nitrothiophen) matrix (P3NT) that were loaded effectively with nanoparticles (NPs) of silver titanium dioxide (AgTiO2), of varying percentages (10%, 20%, and 30%). A uniform coating of P3NT covers the AgTiO2 NPs. Various methods were performed to confirm the fabrication of the binary P3NT/AgTiO2 NCs adsorbents, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Both dyes (brilliant green (B.G.) and crystal violet (C.V.)) were removed from liquid media by using the binary P3NT/AgTiO2 NCs. A range of batch adsorption studies was used to optimize various factors that impact the elimination of B.G. or C.V. dyes, including the pH, weight of the binary P3NT/AgTiO2 NC, proportion of AgTiO2 NP, time, and temperature. The pseudo-second-order kinetics ( R 2 = 0.999 ) was better adapted for the adsorption procedure’s empirical data whereby the maximum adsorption capacity of the C.V. dye was 43.10 mg/g and ( R 2 = 0.996 ) the maximum adsorption potential was 40.16 mg/g for B.G. dye, succeeded by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Moreover, the adhesion of B.G. and C.V. pigments on the layers of NCs involves an endothermic reaction. In addition, the concocted adsorbent not only exhibited strong adsorption characteristics during four consecutive cycles but also possessed a higher potential for its reuse. According to the findings, the NCs might possibly be used as a robust and reusable adsorbent to remove B.G. and C.V. pigments from an aqueous medium.

Recent Development of Biomass Conversion using Ionic Liquid-based Processes

The amount of biomass products generated globally increases year after year. Nature produces lignocellulose, which is largely constituted of three components in the following order: cellulose (34–50%), hemicellulose (15–35%), and lignin (5–30%). A promising conversion method known as biomass conversion employs a liquid media-based process to address the issue of an abundance of biomass as waste. Converting biomass with ionic liquid (IL) can address not only environmental issues caused by the abundance of biomass waste but also generate new energy sources or new products with economical selling value. IL can be employed as a green catalyst, solvent, or electrolyte, as well as in a number of conversion processes. In general, 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-based cations are the most commonly used IL types for biomass conversion. The conversion conditions are relatively mild, consisting of a low temperature of around 95-220 °C, 1 atm, for 10–240 minutes. This paper review is expected to be a significant reference in the future for the development of other biomass conversion processes.

Investigation of dynamic processes in pressure measurement systems for gas-liquid media

Initial-boundary value problems for systems of differential equations are considered, which are mathematical models of the mechanical system "pipeline - pressure sensor". In such a system, to mitigate the effects of vibration accelerations and high temperatures, the sensor is located at a certain distance from the engine and is connected to it via a pipeline. The "pipeline - pressure sensor" system is designed to measure pressure in gas-liquid media, for example, to control the pressure of the working medium in the combustion chambers of engines. On the basis of the proposed models, the joint dynamics of the sensitive element of the pressure sensor and the working medium in the pipeline is studied. To describe the motion of the working medium, linear models of fluid and gas mechanics are used, to describe the dynamics of a sensitive element, linear models of the mechanics of a deformable solid are applied. Analytical and numerical methods for solving initial-boundary value problems under study are presented. The numerical study of the initial-boundary value problem was carried out on the basis of the Galerkin method. In analytical study using the introduction of averaged characteristics, the solution of the original two-dimensional problem is reduced to the study of a one-dimensional model, whose further study made it possible to reduce the solution of the problem to the study of a differential equation with a deviating argument. Also, a numerical experiment is carried out and an example of calculating the deflection of the sensor’s moving element is presented.

Study of Trichoderma Spp. Application on the Incidence of Moler Disease and Shallot's Growth and Yield

Fusarium wilt disease/moler is a concern in onion cultivation. Many farmers apply chemical pesticides such as azoxystrobin and difenoconazole to control the diseases. Both of these chemical pesticides are currently exhibiting a decline in effectiveness, prompting farmers to increase the dosage and frequency of application. Recommendations for biological control, including Trichoderma spp.. This study aimed to determine the influence of application time of of Trichoderma spp. in various media types on the incidence of moler disease and shallot growth and yield. This study was conducted in Tabalong district, South Kalimantan, from February to June 2019 using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial comprising two nested designs. The first factor was the type of media in which Trichoderma spp.. was applied, namely solid and liquid. The second factor was the application time of Trichoderma spp.. Level 1 was the application of Fusarium sp. seven days before planting and Trichoderma spp.. seven days after planting. Level 2 included the application of Trichoderma spp.. seven days before planting and Fusarium sp. simultaneously during planting. Level 3 involved the administration of Trichoderma spp.. concurrently with planting and Fusarium sp. seven days later. This investigation used one positive control (without treatment) and one negative control (shallots inoculated with Fusarium). Each experimental unit was consisted of ten plants and replicated three times. The parameters observed were the incubation period of Fusarium sp., disease incidence, number of leaves, plant height, number of cloves, and average clove weight. The study found that the application time of Trichoderma on various types of media affected the incidence of Fusarium disease, the number of leaves, and the number of shallot cloves.When compared to liquid media, the application of solid media resulted in a reduced incidence of Fusarium disease and a greater frequency of flares. The application time on solid media gave a low response to moles. As for liquid media, the lowest incidence of moler disease occurred at the seven days before planting.

Formation of Streptomyces protoplasts during cultivation in liquid media with lytic enzyme

Many streptomycetes strains are hardly or not at all transformable via protoplasts, or there is a problem with the regeneration of protoplasts. We found that protoplasts are formed directly in cultivation media under submerged conditions in the presence of lytic enzyme. Actinophage μ1/6 endolysin and lysozyme were used in this study. Streptomyces strains were cultivated in several media with glycine and lytic enzyme for 24 and 48h. The highest amounts of protoplasts (about 3 x 107 cfu/ml of cultivation medium) together with the highest regeneration (95%) and transformation frequency (about 2 x 106 – 107 cfu/μg DNA) were obtained reproducibly in YEME medium with high sucrose content. S. aureofaciens B96, as hardly transformable strain because of difficulties with protoplast preparation and their further regeneration, was used in this study. The same procedure was applied to S. lividans 66 TK24 and S. coelicolor A3(2), streptomycetes model strains, to confirm the general use of this method. Moreover, such cultivation process was appropriate for additional quick isolation of either chromosomal as well as plasmid DNA that could be further used in recombinant DNA techniques.

MONITORING OF THE FERMENTATION PROCESS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF WINE

A classical approach to monitoring the fer-mentation of grape must based on the use of the areometric method is considered. Based on the processing of the data of measuring the refractive index and density of grape must, as well as data on the physicochemical composi-tion of grape must during fermentation, meth-odological approaches have been developed to create methods for monitoring the composi-tion of the fermenting must using refractomet-ric and refractodensimetric methods of analy-sis. The results of the work can become the basis for the development of a non-destructive express method for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of sugars in fermenting must based on the standard equipment of the laboratory of wine-making enterprises, and for the improvement of technical specifications for the manufacture of a portable device for determining the concentration of alcohol and sugar content, based on the simultaneous measuring the refractive index and density of liquid media.

An optimized method for high-quality DNA extraction medicinal fungi Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii for whole genome sequencing

The extraction of pure high molecular weight DNA and collecting genomic DNA from fungi is difficult. This is because filamentous fungi has a sturdy cell wall, high protein and polysaccharide levels resistant to the usual DNA extraction procedures. A low-cost and reliable DNA extraction method was designed from Mycoleptodonoides. aitchisonii fit for whole-genome sequencing for identification and mapping of the A mating-type gene. Mycoleptodonoides. aitchisonii belongs to the Climacodontaceae family has pharmaceutical activities. In the present study, the mycelia of M. aitchisonii, which grew from the different concentrations of malt extract and minimal liquid media, have been compared systematically to determine the DNA extraction procedure resulted in DNA concentration with excellent purity and quality. The best protocol that resulted in good quality DNA was further validated using polymerase chain reaction amplification with a specific primer to amplify the homeodomain protein (Mahd2-18) gene that encodes a transcription factor. The method proposed DNA extraction using CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) method and purify by commercial kit from mycelium grown in the minimal liquid media give the best result with the high concentration of DNA for whole-genome sequencing by Next Generation Sequencing and other applications.