Commentary on ‘The use of polymer-based oral rehydration solutions for treating acute watery diarrhoea: should we change current practice?’ with a Response from the Review Authors

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1678-1680
Author(s):  
Sibylle Koletzko
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions

Virus infections causing diarrhoea and vomiting

2020 ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
Philip R. Dormitzer ◽  
Ulrich Desselberger
Keyword(s):  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Intravenous Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Fever Treatment ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Enteric Adenoviruses

Acute gastroenteritis is frequently caused by rotaviruses, human caliciviruses (noroviruses, sapoviruses), astroviruses, and enteric adenoviruses (group F): these cause much disease worldwide and considerable mortality, mainly in developing countries. Other viruses found in the human gastrointestinal tract are not regularly associated with diarrhoeal disease, except in patients who are immunosuppressed and in whom herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and picobirnaviruses can cause diarrhoea, as can HIV itself. Following an incubation period of 1–2 days, there is sudden onset of watery diarrhoea lasting between 4 and 7 days, vomiting, and varying degrees of dehydration. Other features include abdominal cramps, headache, myalgia, and fever. Treatment is supportive, mainly with oral rehydration solutions or—in more severe cases—intravenous rehydration. Continued feeding is recommended, with zinc supplementation in areas where micronutrient deficiency may be present.

Are oral rehydration solutions optimized for treating diarrhea?

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602199164
Author(s):  
Samuel N Cheuvront ◽  
Robert W Kenefick ◽  
Laura Luque ◽  
Katherine M Mitchell ◽  
Sadasivan Vidyasagar
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Rehydration Solution ◽  
Stool Volume

Background: A historical turning point occurred in the treatment of diarrhea when it was discovered that glucose could enhance intestinal sodium and water absorption. Adding glucose to salt water (oral rehydration solution, ORS) more efficiently replaced intestinal water and salt losses. Aim: Provide a novel hypothesis to explain why mainstream use of ORS has been strongly recommended, but weakly adopted. Methods: Traditional (absorptive) and novel (secretory) physiological functions of glucose in an ORS were reviewed. Results: Small amounts of glucose can stimulate both intestinal absorption and secretion. Glucose can exacerbate a net secretory state and may aggravate pathogen-induced diarrhea, particularly for pathogens that affect glucose transport. Conclusion: A hypothesis is made to explain why glucose-based ORS does not appreciably reduce diarrheal stool volume and why modern food science initiatives should focus on ORS formulations that replace water and electrolytes while also reducing stool volume and duration of diarrhea.

Review of oral rehydration solutions for horses with diarrhoea

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ECKE ◽  
DR HODGSON ◽  
RJ ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions

BACTERIAL GROWTH IN DIFFERENT ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTIONS

The Lancet ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 320 (8300) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
M Santosham ◽  
L Benson ◽  
S Foster ◽  
R Roncone
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions

scholarly journals An epidemic of cholera due toVibrio choleraeO139 in Dhaka, Bangladesh: clinical and epidemiological features

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mahalanabis ◽  
A. S. G. Faruque ◽  
M. J. Albert ◽  
M. A. Salam ◽  
S. S. Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Intravenous Rehydration ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYWe describe the disease spectrum and socio-demographic and epidemiological features of an epidemic of cholera due to a new pathogen.Vibrio choleraeO139, in patients attending a very large hospital in the metropolitan city of Dhaka, Bangladesh.This hospital treats 70000–90000 patients a year with diarrhoeal diseases. A 4% systematic sample of 1854 patients attending from January to April 1993 were studied.Five hundred and two (27%) of the 1854 patients were culture positive forV. choleraeO139 and 63 (3%) were culture positive forV. choleraeO1 biotype El Tor. Patients withV. choleraeO139 were mainly adults with a short history of watery diarrhoea. Eight-three percent of patients had moderate to severe dehydration. All recovered except one 80-year-old man with compromised renal function who died. Seventy-eight percent of patients required initial intravenous rehydration followed by oral rehydration therapy with rice ORS; they also received tetracycline to reduce diarrhoea severity. Most patients were from urban slums with inadequate sanitation facilities and hygiene practices.The newly recognizedV. choleraeO139 infection produced an epidemic of severe dehydrating diarrhoea indistinguishable from clinical cholera in a population which experiences two epidemic peaks of cholera in a year due toV. choleraeO1. Infection with the latter does not appear to confer any cross-protection fromV. choleraeO139. The new pathogen suppressed, albeit temporarily,V. choleraeO1. Unlike other non-O1 serogroups ofV. choleraethis new serogroup appears to have epidemic potential.

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