Are oral rehydration solutions optimized for treating diarrhea?

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602199164
Author(s):  
Samuel N Cheuvront ◽  
Robert W Kenefick ◽  
Laura Luque ◽  
Katherine M Mitchell ◽  
Sadasivan Vidyasagar
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Rehydration Solution ◽  
Stool Volume

Background: A historical turning point occurred in the treatment of diarrhea when it was discovered that glucose could enhance intestinal sodium and water absorption. Adding glucose to salt water (oral rehydration solution, ORS) more efficiently replaced intestinal water and salt losses. Aim: Provide a novel hypothesis to explain why mainstream use of ORS has been strongly recommended, but weakly adopted. Methods: Traditional (absorptive) and novel (secretory) physiological functions of glucose in an ORS were reviewed. Results: Small amounts of glucose can stimulate both intestinal absorption and secretion. Glucose can exacerbate a net secretory state and may aggravate pathogen-induced diarrhea, particularly for pathogens that affect glucose transport. Conclusion: A hypothesis is made to explain why glucose-based ORS does not appreciably reduce diarrheal stool volume and why modern food science initiatives should focus on ORS formulations that replace water and electrolytes while also reducing stool volume and duration of diarrhea.

scholarly journals 78. TOWARD A SUPER-ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION (ORS): ENHANCEMENT OF INTESTINAL WATER ABSORPTION BY A POLY-NUTRIENT SOLUTION

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
A Nocerlno ◽  
M Migliavacca ◽  
A Fasano ◽  
C Verqa ◽  
A Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solution

Pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution improved intestinal absorption of water and sodium during enteral resuscitation in burns

Burns ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Hu ◽  
Wei-wei Liu ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Zhi-long Lin ◽  
Hong-min Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solution

Glucose vs Sucrose in Oral Rehydration Solutions for Infants and Young Children with Rotavirus-Associated Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Robert E. Black ◽  
Michael H. Merson ◽  
Philip R. Taylor ◽  
Robert H. Yolken ◽  
Md. Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Rehydration Solution ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Weight For Age

The use of oral rehydration solutions containing essential electrolytes and either glucose or sucrose of equal osmolality was compared in a double-blind sequential trial of 784 children with rotavirus-associated diarrhea treated at a center in rural Bangladesh. The oral fluid failure rate was 11.5% for the sucrose-containing solution group and 7.3% for the glucose-containing group (P = NS). Vomiting was a significantly more common cause of failure for the group treated with sucrose-containing oral rehydration solution and was associated with an increased rate of intake of the sweeter sucrose-containing solution. The purging rate was not different for the two groups. The oral fluid failure rates for children in the most underweight category (<60% of expected weight for age) were not different from those for other groups, although, as assessed by purging rate and initial dehydration, the stool losses of members of this group constituted a greater proportion of their body weight. Glucose is the preferred carbohydrate for oral electrolyte solutions, although sucrose can be substituted with only minimum loss of efficacy.

Diarrhea Care in Private Practice

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-980
Author(s):  
MARK L. TOCHEN ◽  
DON TSUKAMAKI
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Rehydration Solution ◽  
Health Organization

To the Editor.— The article by Dr Snyder, "Use and Misuse of Oral Rehydration Therapy for Diarrhea,"1 led us to review our treatment of gastroenteritis, revise our telephone protocols, and seek out rehydration solutions. Our difficulty in obtaining adequate supplies mirrored that of Dr O'Banion.2 Expense to the patient is also an important factor: commercial premixed solutions sell for $4 to $6 per quart in our area, which many families cannot pay. Our solution was to obtain from the World Health Organization the name of the US supplier of oral rehydration solution (ORS) packets and order direct from the supplier (Jianas Bros Packaging Co, 2533 SW Blvd, Kansas City, MO 64108).

Osmotic Production of Sterile Oral Rehydration Solutions — An Economic, Low-Technology Method

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wilson ◽  
Phillip Monro ◽  
William AM Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
External Source ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Rehydration Solution

A sterile oral rehydration solution can be produced by immersing in water a semi-permeable cellulose tube containing glucose and salts. Osmotically driven ultrafiltration excludes all microbes and particulate matter even when the immersion water contains 45 × 106 cfu/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 25 × 107 cfu/ml of Staphylococcus aureus or 20 × 107 cfu/ml of Escherichia coli. Solutions of consistent composition can be obtained by having a standard amount of glucose-electrolytes in a cellulose tube of appropriate dimensions and immersing this in a fixed volume of water for a minimum period of time. The method is simple, inexpensive, low-technology and requires no external source of power. It has potential for producing sterile solutions for injections and intravenous use in situations with very limited and simple resources, in emergencies and during natural disasters. Further studies are now needed to determine whether the method can be adapted to provide the large quantities of oral rehydration fluid needed in field conditions.

Oral Rehydration Solution Therapy in the Management of Children with Rotavirus Diarrhea

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germain Nappert ◽  
Jose Miguel Barrios ◽  
Gordon A. Zello ◽  
Jonathan M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solution ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea
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