disease spectrum
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2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Hae Min Kang ◽  
◽  
Jeong Hoon Choi ◽  
Hyoung Jun Koh ◽  
Sung Chul Lee ◽  
...  

AIM: To determine the prevalence of focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defect among patients with pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) in the absence of peripapillary retinoschisis. METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study comprised of 180 patients with PDS, including polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), central serous chorioretinopathy, and pachychoroidal neovasculopathy. Medical records and optic nerve head evaluations conducted using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging were reviewed. As a control group, 236 patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation for vitreous floaters, without obvious ocular disease, were also included. RESULTS: The mean age of the PDS group, which included 118 male patients (65.6%), was 57.4±11.1y. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age (P=0.710) or sex (P=0.248). Six patients (3.3%) in the PDS group and none in the control group showed focal LC defect (P=0.318). Among the six patients with focal LC defect in the PDS group, four eyes had PCV, one eye was the fellow eye of a PCV eye, and one eye had pachychoroidal neovasculopathy. CONCLUSION: Focal LC defect can be defected in patients with PDS in the absence of peripapillary retinoschisis. However, the prevalence of focal LC defect was not different significantly between PDS patients and those who did not have PDS.


Aging ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Che Hung ◽  
Chiung-Chih Chang ◽  
Chi-Wei Huang ◽  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
Chia-Hsiung Cheng

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Metallo ◽  
Michal Handzlik ◽  
Jivani Gengatharan ◽  
Katie Frizzi ◽  
Grace McGregor ◽  
...  

Abstract Type 2 diabetes represents a disease spectrum in which chronic metabolic dysfunction damages multiple organ systems including liver, kidneys, and peripheral nerves1,2. While onset and progression of these co-morbidities are linked with insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia3-7, aberrant amino acid metabolism also contributes to pathogenesis of diabetes and potentially its complications8-10. Serine and glycine are closely related non-essential amino acids11,12 that are consistently reduced in patients with metabolic syndrome10,13-16, but the mechanistic drivers of serine deficiency and the downstream metabolic and phenotypic consequences remain unclear. Low systemic serine, a serine-opathy, is also emerging as a hallmark of macular and peripheral nerve disorders. Specifically, serine deficiency correlates positively with impaired visual acuity and peripheral neuropathy (PN)17-19. Here we demonstrate that aberrant serine homeostasis in the liver drives serine and glycine deficiencies in genetically obese and hyperglycaemic mice. This serine-opathy can be diagnosed with a serine tolerance test that quantifies systemic serine disposal. Mimicking these metabolic alterations via dietary serine/glycine restriction together with high fat intake dramatically accelerates thermal hypoalgesia in mice and reduces epidermal sensory nerve density, which are accompanied by extensive sciatic nerve lipid remodeling. These phenotypes were subsequently normalized by myriocin, linking serine-associated PN with sphingolipid biosynthesis. These findings identify systemic serine deficiency and dyslipidemia as novel risk factors for PN that may be exploited therapeutically.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haozhe Yu ◽  
Minhui Xu ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Wenyu Wu ◽  
...  

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the health of people around the world and has reshaped social behaviors and clinical practice. The purpose of this perspective is to provide epidemiologists and clinicians with information about how the spectrum of ocular trauma diseases changed, as well as to optimize management for improving patient prognosis during this crisis. Analysis of current studies revealed that the prevalence of eye trauma decreased overall, with a trend of delayed medical treatment during the COVID-19 era. Irregular epidemic prevention and control measures, unprotected home activities, and unusual mental states are the main causes of ocular trauma. Strategies for reducing morbidity are also discussed, including popularizing the use norms of prevention and control supplies, taking heed to the safety of family activities, highlighting the special status of child protection, and paying attention to previous case data to implement region-specific precautions. The procedure of ophthalmological emergency and outpatient management should also be optimized, and mental health should be emphasized during this pandemic.


Cureus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Salih Alj ◽  
Madiha Eljazouly ◽  
Fatimazahra Chahboun ◽  
Abderahmane Al Bouzidi ◽  
Soumiya Chiheb

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010102
Author(s):  
Afroza Akter ◽  
Tasnuva Ahmed ◽  
Imam Tauheed ◽  
Marjahan Akhtar ◽  
Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman ◽  
...  

Background COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 ranges from asymptomatic to severe disease and can cause fatal and devastating outcome in many cases. In this study, we have compared the clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters across the different disease spectrum of COVID-19 in Bangladeshi patients. Methodology/Principal findings This longitudinal study was conducted in two COVID-19 hospitals and also around the community in Dhaka city in Bangladesh between November 2020 to March 2021. A total of 100 patients with COVID-19 infection were enrolled and classified into asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe cases (n = 25/group). In addition, thirty age and sex matched healthy participants were enrolled and 21 were analyzed as controls based on exclusion criteria. After enrollment (study day1), follow-up visits were conducted on day 7, 14 and 28 for the cases. Older age, male gender and co-morbid conditions were the risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. Those with moderate and severe cases of infection had low lymphocyte counts, high neutrophil counts along with a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at enrollment; this decreased to normal range within 42 days after the onset of symptom. At enrollment, D-dimer, CRP and ferritin levels were elevated among moderate and severe cases. The mild, moderate, and severe cases were seropositive for IgG antibody by day 14 after enrollment. Moderate and severe cases showed significantly higher IgM and IgG levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 compared to mild and asymptomatic cases. Conclusion/Significance We report on the clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters associated with the different severity of COVID-19 infection. We also show different profile of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in relation to disease severity, especially in those with moderate and severe disease manifestations compared to the mild and asymptomatic infection.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Williams ◽  
Archana Koirala ◽  
Gemma Saravanos ◽  
Laura Lopez ◽  
Catherine Glover ◽  
...  

Objective(s): To describe the severity and clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Australian children during the 2021 Delta outbreak. Design, Setting & Participants: A prospective cohort study of children <16 years with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test cared for by the Sydney Children's Hospital Network (SCHN) virtual and inpatient medical teams between 1 June-31 October 2021. Main outcome measures: Demographic and clinical data from all admitted patients and a random sample of outpatients managed under the SCHN virtual care team were analysed to identify risk factors for admission to hospital. Results: There were 17,474 SARS-CoV-2 infections in children <16 years in NSW during the study period, of whom 11,985 (68.6%) received care coordinated by SCHN. Twenty one percent of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were asymptomatic. For every 100 SARS-CoV-2 infections in children <16 years, 1.26 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.46) required hospital admission for medical care; while 2.46 (95% CI 2.18 to 2.73) required admission for social reasons only. Risk factors for hospitalisation for medical care included age <6 months, a history of prematurity, age 12 to <16 years, and a history of medical comorbidities (aOR 7.23 [95% CI 2.92 to 19.4]). Of 17,474 infections, 15 children (median age 12.8years) required ICU admission; and 294 children required hospital admission due to social or welfare reasons. Conclusion: The majority of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Delta variant) had asymptomatic or mild disease. Hospitalisation was uncommon and occurred most frequently in young infants and adolescents with comorbidities. More children were hospitalised for social reasons than for medical care.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Noemi Massetti ◽  
Mirella Russo ◽  
Raffaella Franciotti ◽  
Davide Nardini ◽  
Giorgio Mandolini ◽  
...  

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition driven by multifactorial etiology. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional condition between healthy aging and dementia. No reliable biomarkers are available to predict the conversion from MCI to AD. Objective: To evaluate the use of machine learning (ML) on a wealth of data offered by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolomics Consortium (ADMC) database in the prediction of the MCI to AD conversion. Methods: We implemented an ML-based Random Forest (RF) algorithm to predict conversion from MCI to AD. Data related to the study population (587 MCI subjects) were analyzed by RF as separate or combined features and assessed for classification power. Four classes of variables were considered: neuropsychological test scores, AD-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, peripheral biomarkers, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables. Results: The ML-based algorithm exhibited 86% accuracy in predicting the AD conversion of MCI subjects. When assessing the features that helped the most, neuropsychological test scores, MRI data, and CSF biomarkers were the most relevant in the MCI to AD prediction. Peripheral parameters were effective when employed in association with neuropsychological test scores. Age and sex differences modulated the prediction accuracy. AD conversion was more effectively predicted in females and younger subjects. Conclusion: Our findings support the notion that AD-related neurodegenerative processes result from the concerted activity of multiple pathological mechanisms and factors that act inside and outside the brain and are dynamically affected by age and sex.


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