scholarly journals The importance of small natural features in forests—How the overgrowth of forest gaps affects indigenous flower supply and flower‐visiting insects and seed sets of six Campanula species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Braun‐Reichert ◽  
Sven Rubanschi ◽  
Peter Poschlod
Keyword(s):  
Forest Gaps ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Small Natural Features

Orchestrated Flowering and Interspecific Facilitation: Key Factors in the Maintenance of the Main Pollinator of Coexisting Threatened Species of Andean Wax Palms (Ceroxylon spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Javier Carreño-Barrera ◽  
Luis Alberto Núñez-Avellaneda ◽  
Maria José Sanín ◽  
Artur Campos D. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Flower Visiting

Solitary, dioecious, and mostly endemic to Andean cloud forests, wax palms (Ceroxylon Bonpl. ex DC. spp.) are currently under worrisome conservation status. The establishment of management plans for their dwindling populations rely on detailed biological data, including their reproductive ecology. As in the case of numerous other Neotropical palm taxa, small beetles are assumed to be selective pollinators of wax palms, but their identity and relevance in successful fruit yield were unknown. During three consecutive reproductive seasons we collected data on population phenology and reproductive and floral biology of three syntopic species of wax palms native to the Colombian Andes. We also determined the composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, quantifying the extent of the role of individual species as effective pollinators through standardized value indexes that take into consideration abundance, constancy, and pollen transport efficiency. The studied populations of C. parvifrons (Engel) H. Wendl., C. ventricosum Burret, and C. vogelianum (Engel) H. Wendl. exhibit seasonal reproductive cycles with marked temporal patterns of flower and fruit production. The composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, comprised by ca. 50 morphotypes, was constant across flowering seasons and differed only marginally among species. Nonetheless, a fraction of the insect species associated with pistillate inflorescences actually carried pollen, and calculated pollinator importance indexes demonstrated that one insect species alone, Mystrops rotundula Sharp, accounted for 94%–99% of the effective pollination services for all three species of wax palms. The sequential asynchronous flowering of C. parvifrons, C. ventricosum, and C. vogelianum provides an abundant and constant supply of pollen, pivotal for the maintenance of large populations of their shared pollinators, a cooperative strategy proven effective by high fruit yield rates (up to 79%). Reproductive success might be compromised for all species by the population decline of one of them, as it would tamper with the temporal orchestration of pollen offer.

Plant diversity and seasonal dynamics in forest gaps of varying sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUI Ning-Jie ◽  
◽  
ZHANG Dan-Ju ◽  
LIU Yang ◽  
ZHANG Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Forest Gaps

Crown Asymmetry, Treefalls, and Repeat Disturbance of Broad-Leaved Forest Gaps

Ecology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1464-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truman P. Young ◽  
Stephen P. Hubbell
Keyword(s):  
Forest Gaps ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

Wind slows play: increasing wind speed reduces flower visiting rate in honey bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Georgia Hennessy ◽  
Ciaran Harris ◽  
Lucien Pirot ◽  
Alexandra Lefter ◽  
Dave Goulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Flower Visiting

scholarly journals Lightning predator: the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl snatches flower-visiting hummingbirds in southwestern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sazima
Keyword(s):  
Stage I ◽  
Large Concentration ◽  
Hunting Success ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Glaucidium Brasilianum

Abstract Pygmy owls of the genus Glaucidium prey on large insect and small vertebrates, mostly birds. Among the birds preyed on by pygmy owls are hummingbirds, caught mostly while mobbing these owlets or when still at nestling stage. I report here on the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) snatching flower-visiting hummingbirds in an orchard at a farm in southwestern Brazil. I recorded one White-tailed Goldenthroat (Polytmus guainumbi) and three Gilded Hummingbirds (Hylocharis chrysura) preyed on by this owlet on three consecutive days. The large concentration of flowers and, consequently, of hummingbirds in the orchard likely contributed to the hunting success of the owlet on such fleeting and quickly moving prey. The role this pygmy owl plays on predation of adult hummingbirds in the Neotropics merits closer consideration.

scholarly journals Thug life: bramble ( Rubus fruticosus L. agg.) is a valuable foraging resource for honeybees and diverse flower‐visiting insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica R. Wignall ◽  
Natalie A. Arscott ◽  
Hayley E. Nudds ◽  
Annabel Squire ◽  
Thomas O. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
Flower Visiting

scholarly journals Response of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Castanopsis kawakamii Seedlings to Forest Gaps

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Zhong-sheng He ◽  
Rong Tang ◽  
Meng-jia Li ◽  
Meng-ran Jin ◽  
Cong Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Forest Gaps ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Weak Light

Light is a major environmental factor limiting the growth and survival of plants. The heterogeneity of the light environment after gap formation in forest influences the leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and chlorophyll fluorescence, thus influencing the growth and regeneration of Castanopsis kawakamii seedlings. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of weak light on the photosynthetic physiology of C. kawakamii seedlings in forest gaps and non-gaps. The results showed that (1) the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b (Chl-b), and total chlorophyll (Chl-T) in forest gaps were lower than in non-gaps. Seedlings tended to increase chlorophyll content to absorb light energy to adapt to low light intensity in non-gap environments. (2) The Pn values of C. kawakamii seedlings in forest gaps were significantly higher than in non-gaps, and forest gaps could improve the seedlings’ photosynthetic capacity. (3) The C. kawakamii seedlings in forest gaps were more sensitive to weak light and control group treatment, especially the tall seedlings, indicating that seedlings require more light to satisfy their growth needs in the winter. The seedlings in non-gaps demonstrated better adaptability to low light intensity. The light intensity was not adequate in weak light conditions and limited seedling growth. We suggest that partial forest selection cutting could improve light intensity in non-gaps, thus promoting seedling growth and regeneration of C. kawakamii more effectively in this forest.

Contribution of anther color to interaction between plants and flower-visiting arthropods – usefulness of bioresource stocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Sugimoto ◽  
Tomoyuki Yokoi
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Solanum Pimpinellifolium ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Flower Visiting

It is very difficult to provide strong evidence of how flower characteristic that may serve to attract pollinators, improve plant fitness. We propose to use the natural variation that we have observed within our wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) plant stocks to investigate the effect of anther color on attracting flower-visiting arthropods which act as pollinators. By looking at within-species variation, we can vary anther color while keeping other factors like petal color and other genetically controlled variables constant. We believe that our proposed study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it will allow us to clearly determine the contribution of anther color in attracting pollinators.

Pollinator gardens more than triple in visitation rate and diversity of flower-visiting insects than other ornamental plantings in Kingston, Ontario

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Vogelzang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Queen's University ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Pollinator Populations

In this study I determined the effectiveness of pollinator gardens by testing if visitation rate and diversity of flower-visiting insects is higher in pollinator gardens compared to other ornamental plantings. I observed pollinator visitation for individual plant taxa, per unit area, in three different pollinator gardens, eight ornamental gardens and eight ornamental planters on the Queen’s University campus in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Visitation was about 4- times higher in pollinator gardens compared to the other two ornamental garden types and visitor richness (the number of types of pollinators) in pollinator gardens was about 6- times higher compared to ornamental gardens, and about 3- times higher compared toornamental planters. The results of this study conclude that the planting of pollinator gardens is an effective way of supporting pollinator populations in urban areas.

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