HUBUNGAN ANTARA KREDIBILTAS KADER DENGAN TINGKAT KUNJUNGAN DI POSYANDU

Background : Posyandu (Integrated Service Post in Indonesian) activities are highly dependent on its cadre, in which they play a pivotal role in helping the Posyandu activities. Posyandu’s cadre also plays a pivotal role to attract the community to come to the Posyandu. The success of Posyandu could be seen in their toddlers and infants visitation rate. The visitation number of Jatinangor Community Health Center (or, “Puskesmas Jatinangor” in Indonesian) in 2017 is 64.7%, which is still lower than both the National target and the Community Health Centertarget it self. Therefore, it is necessary for the cadre to contribute in increasing the visitation rate. Purpose : This study was to determine the relationship between the role of posyandu cadres with the number of visits for infants and toddlers at the posyandu in the working area of the Jatinangor Health Center. Method : Study is correlational analysis with the cross sectional approach with a population of 383 active cadres. The sampling method that was used in this study is the multistage random sampling and 192 samples was obtain from the calculation. This study using a questionnaire with bivariate analysis with spearman rank test. Result : The results showed there is a correlation between the cadre’s role towards the visitation rate (p = 0.000). Conclusion : the study showed that there is a significant correlation between the cadre’s role towards the toddlers and infants visitation rate at Jatinangor Community Health Center.Suggestions for posyandu cadres to continue to improve their roles and functions during posyandu service activities so that the coverage of MCH targets increases according to what has been targeted.Keywords: The Toddlers and Infants Visitation Rate, Posyandu Cadre, The Cadre Role ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Pelaksanaan kegiatan posyandu bergantung kepada peran kader, dimana kader merupakan ujung tombak keberhasilan kegiatan posyandu. Kader memiliki peran yang besar dalam menggerakkan masyarakat untuk datang ke posyandu. Keberhasilan posyandu sendiri dapat dilihat dari jumlah cakupan kunjungan bayi dan balita. Cakupan kunjungan balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor tahun 2017 sebesar 64,7%. Jumlah tersebut masih kurang dari target puskesmas maupun nasional sehingga diperlukanlah peran kader untuk meningkatkan kunjungan bayi dan balita ke posyandu.Tujuan : Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan peran kader posyandu dengan jumlah cakupan kunjungan bayi dan balita di posyandu wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor.Metode : Penelitian ini adalah analitik korelatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan populasi sebanyak 383 kader posyandu yang aktif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage random sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 192 orang. Data yang diambil menggunakan kuesioner dengan menggunakan analisis bivariat dengan uji Spearman rank.Hasil : Penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara peran kader dengan jumlah cakupan kunjungan bayi dan balita dengan nilai p=0,000.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran kader dengan jumlah cakupan kunjungan bayi dan balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor.Saran bagi kader posyandu agar terus meningkatkan peran dan fungsi nya pada saat kegiatan pelayanan posyandu agar cakupan sasaran KIA meningkat sesuai dengan yang telah di targetkan. Kata Kunci: Cakupan Kunjungan Bayi dan Balita, Kader Posyandu, Peran Kader

Complementary Contribution of Wild Bumblebees and Managed Honeybee to the Pollination Niche of an Introduced Blueberry Crop

The entomophilous pollination niche (abundance, phenotypic traits, foraging behaviours and environmental tolerances of insect pollinators) helps to understand and better manage crop pollination. We apply this niche approach to assess how an entomophilous crop (blueberry, Vaccinium ashei) can be expanded into new territories (i.e., northern Spain) far from their original area of domestication (North America). Insect visits to blueberry flowers were monitored in a plantation on 12 different days, at 8 different times during day and covering various weather conditions. Abundance, visitation rate, pollen gathering behaviour, and frequency of inter-plant and inter-row movements were recorded. The pollinator assemblage was basically composed of one managed honeybee species (50.8% of visits) and three native bumblebee species (48.3%). There was a marked pattern of seasonal segregation throughout bloom, with bumblebees dominating the early bloom and honeybee the late bloom. Pollinators also segregated along gradients of daily temperature and relative humidity. Finally, the two pollinator types differed in foraging behaviour, with bumblebees having a visitation rate double that of honeybee, collecting pollen more frequently and changing plant and row more frequently. The spatio-temporal and functional complementarity between honeybee and bumblebees suggested here encourages the consideration of an integrated crop pollination strategy for blueberries, based on the concurrence of both wild and managed bees.

Determinants of Tourist Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction on Tourism Village

Indonesia government established the development of tourism village as one of priority program. Until 2018, there are 1734 tourism villages in Indonesia. However, the increase of tourist visitation is not occurred evenly. Only several tourism villages are having high visitation rate, others are still struggling in competing with other tourism destinations. Previous study found that tourist satisfaction is leading on visit intention. Therefore, this study investigated factors determinant on tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction of tourism village. A content analysis was adopted in this study by extracting of 464 tourist reviews that posted from January 2016 until October 2019. Data were collected from tourist review on TripAdvisor regarding nine tourism villages in Indonesia. NVivo 12 was used to analyse the data. The results revealed top 5 satisfaction determinant attributes: village landscape, friendliness local people, traditional building, traditional way of life, and village atmosphere. Meanwhile, dissatisfy tourist mention traditional souvenir, village atmosphere, village authenticity, village entrance fee, and the local people who become souvenir seller as the top 5 dissatisfaction attributes.

Native and invasive ants affect floral visits of pollinating honey bees in pumpkin flowers (Cucurbita maxima)

Global pollinator decline is a major concern. Several factors—climate change, land-use change, the reduction of flowers, pesticide use, and invasive species—have been suggested as the reasons. Despite being a potential reason, the effect of ants on flowers received less attention. The consequences of ants being attracted to nectar sources in plants vary depending upon factors like the nectar source's position, ants' identity, and other mutualists interacting with the plants. We studied the interaction between flower-visiting ants and pollinators in Cucurbita maxima and compared the competition exerted by native and invasive ants on its pollinators to examine the hypothesis that the invasive ants exacerbate more interference competition to pollinators than the native ants. We assessed the pollinator's choice, visitation rate, and time spent/visit on the flowers. Regardless of species and nativity, ants negatively influenced all the pollinator visitation traits, such as visitation rate and duration spent on flowers. The invasive ants exerted a higher interference competition on the pollinators than the native ants did. Despite performing pollination in flowers with generalist pollination syndrome, ants can threaten plant-pollinator mutualism in specialist plants like monoecious plants. A better understanding of factors influencing pollination will help in implementing better management practices.

Bumblebee Behavior on Flowers, but Not Initial Attraction, Is Altered by Short-Term Drought Stress

Climate change is leading to increasing drought and higher temperatures, both of which reduce soil water levels and consequently water availability for plants. This reduction often induces physiological stress in plants, which in turn can affect floral development and production inducing phenotypic alterations in flowers. Because flower visitors notice and respond to small differences in floral phenotypes, changes in trait expression can alter trait-mediated flower visitor behavior. Temperature is also known to affect floral scent emission and foraging behavior and, therefore, might modulate trait-mediated flower visitor behavior. However, the link between changes in flower visitor behavior and floral traits in the context of increasing drought and temperature is still not fully understood. In a wind-tunnel experiment, we tested the behavior of 66 Bombus terrestris individuals in response to watered and drought-stressed Sinapis arvensis plants and determined whether these responses were modulated by air temperature. Further, we explored whether floral traits and drought treatment were correlated with bumblebee behavior. The initial attractiveness of drought and watered plants did not differ, as the time to first visit was similar. However, bumblebees visited watered plants more often, their visitation rate to flowers was higher on watered plants, and bumblebees stayed for longer, indicating that watered plants were more attractive for foraging. Bumblebee behavior differed between floral trait expressions, mostly independently of treatment, with larger inflorescences and flowers leading to a decrease in the time until the first flower visit and an increase in the number of visits and the flower visitation rate. Temperature modulated bumblebee activity, which was highest at 25°C; the interaction of drought/water treatment and temperature led to higher visitation rate on watered plants at 20°C, possibly as a result of higher nectar production. Thus, bumblebee behavior is influenced by the watered status of plants, and bumblebees can recognize differences in intraspecific phenotypes involving morphological traits and scent emission, despite overall morphological traits and scent emission not being clearly separated between treatments. Our results indicate that plants are able to buffer floral trait expressions against short-term drought events, potentially to maintain pollinator attraction.

Efisiensi Penyerbukan oleh Penyerbuk Liar dan Lebah Tetragonula laeviceps pada Bunga Ranti dan Kacang Panjang

Penyerbukan serangga merupakan salah satu upaya peningkatan efisiensi produksi tanaman berbuah pada lahan terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan mengamati aktivitas dan efisiensi penyerbukan serangga liar dan Tetragonula laeviceps pada tanaman ranti dan kacang panjang dengan sistem tanam tumpang sari di Desa Sukawangi, Kabupaten Sumedang pada bulan September hingga Januari 2020. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pukul 08:00-15:00 WIB selama periode perbungaan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada perlakuan aplikasi T. laeviceps, open-pollination, dan self-pollination, masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 100 bunga ranti dan 100 bunga kacang panjang dan dianalisis menggunakan one way analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Aktivitas serangga diukur berdasarkan flower handling time, foraging rate, visitation rate, dan fruit set. Kualitas buah diukur berdasarkan diameter, bobot, panjang, dan oBrix. Hasil penelitian ditemukan masing-masing tiga serangga pengunjung berpotensi polinator pada ranti dan kacang panjang dengan pola kunjungan bervariasi pada open-pollination. Efisiensi fruit set tertinggi ranti terjadi pada perlakuan aplikasi T. laeviceps dan kacang panjang pada perlakuan open-pollination. Terdapat perbedaan nyata pada oBrix buah ranti dan kacang panjang, sedangkan self-pollination hanya menghasilkan buah yang secara signifikan lebih panjang pada kacang panjang. Dengan demikian, T. laeviceps dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif serangga penyerbuk terdomestikasi dalam upaya efisiensi fruit set dan kualitas buah tanaman ranti dan kacang panjang. Kata kunci: aktivitas serangga, fruit set, kualitas buah

Native and Invasive Ants Affect Floral Visits of Pollinating Honey Bees in Pumpkin Flowers (Cucurbita Maxima)

Global pollinator decline is a major concern. Several factors – climate change, land-use change, the decline of flowers, pesticide use, invasive species – have been suggested as the reasons. The effect of ants on flowers, despite being a potential reason, received less attention. The consequences of ants being attracted to nectar sources in plants vary depending upon factors like the position of the nectar source, the identity of ants, and other mutualists interacting with the plants. We studied the interaction between floral ants and pollinators in Cucurbita maxima and compared the competition exerted by native and invasive ants on the pollinator with the hypothesis that the invasive ants exacerbate more interference competition for pollinators than native ants. The pollinator’s choice, visitation rate and time spent/visit were assessed. Regardless of species and nativity ants negatively influenced all the pollinator visitation traits, such as visitation rate and duration spent on flowers. The invasive ants exerted a higher interference competition on the pollinators than native ants did. Ants despite performing pollination in flowers with generalist pollination syndrome, can be a threat for plant-pollinator mutualism in specialists like monoecious plants. A better understanding of factors influencing pollination will help in implementing better management practices.

Disentangling the path of pollinator attraction in temporarily colored flowers

Plants may use different strategies to attract pollinators in long distance (e.g. floral display) and in short distance (e.g. ratio between differentially colored flowers) scales. The Verbenaceae Lantana canescens Kunth is a wide spread species in open sites of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Individuals of this generalist species can produce a variable number of open inflorescences with yellow and white flowers that are organized in whorls. In this study we tested the hypothesis that increased floral display (long distance attraction) and the ratio between yellow and white flowers (short distance attraction) enhances the number of pollinator species and individuals. We observed flower visitors and calculated floral parameters in 38 plots of 1 m2 each, that contained a varying number of flowering L. canescens individuals. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and Bray-Curtis distances were used to account for flower visitor composition and the relative visitation rate, respectively. We used a structural equation model to test the power of each predictor variable on the visitation rate and a covariance analysis to disentangle the effect of each independent variable on the frequency of plant-pollinator interactions. We found that the number of flower visitors and the visitation rate increased with increasing number of inflorescences. Disentangling long and short distance attraction indicated that the number of inflorescences (per plot) and the number of yellow flowers (yellowing effect) contributed most to flower visitation at long and short distance, respectively.

Landscape-Level Effects of Forest on Pollinators and Fruit Set of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Orchards across Southern Thailand

Pollination by wild pollinators is a key ecosystem service threatened by anthropogenic-induced land-use change. The proximity to natural habitat has previously been shown to positively affect pollinator communities and improve crop yield and quality but empirical evidence is limited from most parts of the World. Here, across six farms in Southern Thailand, we investigated the significance of landscape-level effects of natural habitat (proportion of and distance to evergreen forest) on both visitation rate and richness of pollinators as well as fruit set of guava (Psidium guajava L.), a local economically-important crop in the tropics. Overall, the most abundant pollinator was the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (39% of all visits) and different species of stingless bees (37%). We found that pollinator richness was unrelated to the proportion and distance to evergreen forest, however, the proportion of forest within a 1, 5 and 10 km radius had a significant positive impact on visitation rate of wild pollinators. Still, neither the various forest parameters nor pollinator visitation rate showed a significant impact on fruit set of guava, perhaps because guava self-pollinates. This illustrates that landscape-level degradation of natural habitat may negatively impact pollinator communities without diminishing the crop yield of the farmers.