scholarly journals Plant–herbivore interactions: Combined effect of groundwater level, root vole grazing, and sedge silicification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Borowski ◽  
Karol Zub ◽  
Marcin Sulwiński ◽  
Małgorzata Suska‐Malawska ◽  
Marek Konarzewski
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Root Vole ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore

scholarly journals Plant herbivore interactions: combined effect of ground water level, root vole grazing and sedge silication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Borowski ◽  
Karol Zub ◽  
Marcin Sulwinski ◽  
Małgorzata Suska-Malawska ◽  
Marek Konarazewski
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Vole Population ◽  
Root Vole ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Hydrological Cycles ◽  
Plant Herbivore

1. Silicon mediated plant–herbivore interactions have gained increasing recognition and have now been studied in a wide range of species. Many studies have also considered accumulation of Si by plants as a process largely driven by geo-hydrological cycles. 2. To identify factors driving the water - plant Si - herbivore nexus we analysed the concentration of Si in fibrous tussock sedge (Carex appropinquata), the population density of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) and the ground water level, over 11 years. 3. The largest influence of autumn Si concentration in leaves (Sileaf) was the level of the current year’s ground water table, which accounted for 13.3% of its variance. The previous year’s vole population density was weakly positively correlated with Sileaf and alone explained 9.5% of its variance. 4. The only variable found to have a positive, significant effect on autumn Si concentration in rhizomes (Sirhiz) was the current year spring water level explaining as much as 60.9% of its variance. 5. We conclude that the changes in Si concentration in fibrous tussock sedge are predominantly driven by hydrology, with vole population dynamics being secondary. Our results provide only partial support for the existence of plant-herbivore interactions, as we did not detect the significant effects of Si tussock concentration on the vole density dynamics. This was mainly due to low level of silification of sedges, which was insufficient to impinge herbivores. Future studies on plant–herbivore interactions should therefore mainly focus on identification of mechanisms and conditions allowing plants to accumulate silica at the levels sufficient to act as an anti-herbivore protection.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood effects determine plant-herbivore interactions below-ground

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Elias Zwimpfer ◽  
Maxime R. Hervé ◽  
Zoe Bont ◽  
Matthias Erb
Keyword(s):  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Plant Herbivore

scholarly journals Cyanogenic glycosides and plant-herbivore interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1345-1350
Author(s):  
K Naveena ◽  
C Chinniah ◽  
M Shanthi
Keyword(s):  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore

scholarly journals A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meret Huber ◽  
Thomas Roder ◽  
Sandra Irmisch ◽  
Alexander Riedel ◽  
Saskia Gablenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Root Herbivore ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense metabolites and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence herbivore behavior and feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We demonstrate that TA-G is rapidly deglycosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha β-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglycosylation. Using plants and insect RNA interference, we show that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense metabolite. Our work illustrates the multifacteted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions.

scholarly journals To flourish or perish: evolutionary TRiPs into the sensory biology of plant-herbivore interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 471 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna B. Startek ◽  
Thomas Voets ◽  
Karel Talavera
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Biology ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore

The Use of VIGS Technology to Study Plant–Herbivore Interactions

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Galis ◽  
Meredith C. Schuman ◽  
Klaus Gase ◽  
Christian Hettenhausen ◽  
Markus Hartl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore

scholarly journals Climate and leaf traits, not latitude, explain variation in plant-herbivore interactions across a species' range

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Loughnan ◽  
Jennifer L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Plant-Herbivore Interactions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Dealing
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Niwot Ridge ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Plant Herbivore

The alpine provides a tremendous opportunity for studying plant-herbivore interactions at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. For herbivores, variations in topography and microclimate result in a relatively large amount of spatial variation in plant communities within short distances (chapter 6). A large community of herbivores, from nematodes to grasshoppers to elk, occurs on Niwot Ridge. Furthermore, given the low rates of nutrient availability in alpine soils (Fisk and Schmidt 1995; chapter 12) combined with the slow-growing perennial habit of the vegetation, alpine plants should, in theory, invest heavily in defense against herbivores (Coley et al. 1985). The goal of this chapter is to provide: (1) a summary of the feeding behaviors of the herbivores on Niwot Ridge, (2) information on the nutritional and secondary chemistry of plants on Niwot Ridge as it relates to herbivory, and (3) a review of hypotheses on community dynamics of herbivores and plants relevant to the alpine. The ultimate objective is to provide a synthesis of information that will stimulate interest in alpine tundra as a system for studying the dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions at all levels of ecological organization. The flora of Niwot Ridge has been divided into six communities (May and Webber 1982; chapter 6). Regardless of community association, nearly all of the plant species occurring on the ridge are perennials and several are very long lived (May and Webber 1982). Communities can change across small spatial scales (meters), and community origin and maintenance are believed to be largely determined by abiotic factors (Walker et al. 1994; chapter 6). However, several studies suggest that biotic factors such as herbivory may have a significant impact on plant community dynamics (Huntly et al. 1986; Davies 1994). There is significant variation in the nutritional composition of plants on Niwot Ridge. Generally, and in the absence of plant secondary compounds, species that are high in nitrogen and low in fiber are presumed to be the most desirable as forage. Based solely on these nutritional variables, the clover Trifolium parryi is hypothesized to be one of the more-preferred forages, whereas alpine sandwort, Minuartia obtusiloba, should be one of the less-preferred food items.

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