Stabilitas Tanah Timbunan Sisi BH-1 Proyek Jalan Akses Pembangunan Jembatan Pulau Balang II

Problem on the road access landfill at Balang Island II Bridge is the landslide at STA 23+025 on left side slope (BH-1) caused by a swamp pond on the roadside. The landfill that cutted into the swampy area made the water get stuck on one side (water could not flow to the original condition). The research method is the form of direct observation in the field which focuses on the results of information and laboratory testing which is then processed and analyzed. The analysis obtained that the soil type on the spot is clay with N-SPT 6 – 29. There are 2 alternatives solutions for the problem. First, if there is a ROW problem, the treatments are watercourse, adding counterweight, wooden pile under the landfill and one layer Geotextile PP 50 (initial ground water level on exsisting condition with 90,4 kPa loads). Second, if there is no ROW problem, the treatments are watercourse, adding counterweight, wooden pile under the landfill and one layer Geotextile PET 100 (initial ground water level on top of landfill with 90,4 kPa loads). Based on technical analysis, the second solution was chosen because it has bigger safety factor, smallest settlement value, and shorter time implementation. However it is still need more detail technical justification to strengthen the desicion.

ANALYSIS OF GREEN CAMPUS POTENTIAL IN PARTS OF ARID ZONE USING HYDRO-LANDSCAPE TECHNIQUE

India is a massive country with wide range of climatic condition in terms of rainfall, temperature, depth of ground water level, soil cover etc. These variations may affect the ground cover such as in Tropical and sub-tropical zone - the scarcity of rainfall and the micro-climate becomes conducive for the growth of vegetation where as in arid zone such as Gujarat and Rajasthan- the soil and water are not very favorable, as a consequence scarcity of vegetation. The current view on climatic analysis of India clearly indicates that the development of Green Campus in arid climate zone will be a challenging issue especially in the field of landscape architecture. The basic issues related to arid climate is depletion in the depth of ground water level condition by virtue of which the vegetation in general is decreasing. In this way, the hydro-landscape technique will be useful for Green Campus development in part of arid zone with selective areas conducive to develop of soil moisture content. The present study is with the application of hydro-landscape technique to develop the green campus in arid climate in order to establish the area with conducive environment.

Hasil Studi Pola Kebakaran Lahan Gambut melalui Citra Satelit Sentinel-2 dengan Pengimplementasian Machine Learning Metode Random Forest : Kajian Literatur

Kebakaran lahan gambut merupakan peristiwa yang sulit diprediksi perilakunya. Karakteristik tanah gambut yang kompleks dan faktor-faktor alam lain seperti arah angin, status vegetasi, dan kandungan air membuat kasus ini menjadi salah satu kasus menarik yang masih menjadi objek penelitian yang belum tuntas hingga saat ini. Ketika memasuki musim kemarau kondisi kadar air di dalam tanah gambut akan semakin berkurang, maka potensi terjadinya kebakaran akan semakin tinggi. Pada studi ini dilakukan analisis faktor penyebab kebakaran dengan area cakupan yang luas melalui satelit Sentinel-2. Citra satelit yang diperoleh nantinya akan diolah oleh machine learning untuk memprediksi penyebaran api. Hasil literatur yang telah dilakukan diperoleh bahwa Ground Water Level (GWL), kematangan gambut, suhu, curah hujan dan kelembaban, serta kerapatan vegetasi dapat diidentifikasi melalui perhitungan indeks. Indeks yang digunakan diantaranya indeks Differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) dan Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) yang diolah dengan algoritma machine learning metode Random Forest memilki akurasi mencapai 96%.

Dependency of conservation conditions of Takase stone Buddha, Oita, Japan, on anisotropy of liquid water diffusivity

Takase Stone Buddhas is one of the important old stone buddha sculptures curved into the inner wall of a cave in Oita, Japan. It is located in the cave curved into the cliff of a hill of volcanic tuff. In general, because the cave is currently protected from rain and direct solar radiation by the roof shelter and waterproof treatment, the Buddhas is well conserved and no currently ongoing weathering can be clearly observed. However, because of a high ground water level, there is a concern in the influence of water evaporation at and near the surface of the stone buddhas and the wall of the cave on their deterioration. In the past, we conducted a long-term field survey of conservation environment to obtain yearly data set of the conservation environment that can be used as input of numerical simulations of heat and water transport in the material. In this paper, we report measurement data of the ground water level as well as the liquid water diffusivity of the tuff stone that significantly affects the conservation condition. We also performed numerical analyses on heat and moisture transport in the tuff stone layer and stone buddhas. The simulation results show that the conservation condition of Takase stone Buddha strongly depends on the anisotropy of liquid water diffusivity of the tuff stone.

Plant herbivore interactions: combined effect of ground water level, root vole grazing and sedge silication

1. Silicon mediated plant–herbivore interactions have gained increasing recognition and have now been studied in a wide range of species. Many studies have also considered accumulation of Si by plants as a process largely driven by geo-hydrological cycles. 2. To identify factors driving the water - plant Si - herbivore nexus we analysed the concentration of Si in fibrous tussock sedge (Carex appropinquata), the population density of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) and the ground water level, over 11 years. 3. The largest influence of autumn Si concentration in leaves (Sileaf) was the level of the current year’s ground water table, which accounted for 13.3% of its variance. The previous year’s vole population density was weakly positively correlated with Sileaf and alone explained 9.5% of its variance. 4. The only variable found to have a positive, significant effect on autumn Si concentration in rhizomes (Sirhiz) was the current year spring water level explaining as much as 60.9% of its variance. 5. We conclude that the changes in Si concentration in fibrous tussock sedge are predominantly driven by hydrology, with vole population dynamics being secondary. Our results provide only partial support for the existence of plant-herbivore interactions, as we did not detect the significant effects of Si tussock concentration on the vole density dynamics. This was mainly due to low level of silification of sedges, which was insufficient to impinge herbivores. Future studies on plant–herbivore interactions should therefore mainly focus on identification of mechanisms and conditions allowing plants to accumulate silica at the levels sufficient to act as an anti-herbivore protection.

Water Absorbing Pavement by Using Porous Concrete

Water Absorbing pavement is a technique in Pavement construction. This technique we can find a solution for the low ground water level, effective management of rain water runoff, Agricultural problems, etc. Porous concrete can be introduced in low traffic volume areas, walk ways, sub base for concrete pavements, inter locking material etc. Porous concrete material have the ability to allow water to flow through itself to recharge ground water level and minimize surface rain water runoff. This property of porous concrete reviews its applications and engineering properties, including environmental benefits, strength. By replacing a part of cement with conplast SP430, then it results the more strength to the concrete. Hence it take acts as an eco-friendly paving material. Porous concrete is a special type of concrete, which consists of cement, coarse aggregates, water and if required, mixtures and other cement materials. As there are no fine aggregates used in the concrete matrix, the void content is more which allows the rain water to flow through its body. So the porous concrete is also called as Permeable concrete and Previous concrete.

Smart Irrigation System using IoT

In this work we use drip irrigation where the water was allowed to drip slowly to the roots of plant either from above the soil surface or buried into the surface so that the water can be placed directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation. It uses temperature sensor, soil humidity sensor to collect and monitor field information and also uses float switches to monitor ground water level through web page. When the field gets dry and ground water level falls down it will be notified through SMS. This provides a solution for the problems in developing a smart farming system. It uses node MCU, relay and water pump.

REOF analysis of ground water level variation in an Urban hard rock aquifer system

<p>Strategies for sustainable ground water management are to be planned at regional scale. Urban ground water recharge is complex and dynamic. Various factors contribute to ground water level variation. Understanding the ground water recharge components is essential in planning and management of the water resources in any city. This study attempts to understand the spatiotemporal variations of an urban hard rock aquifer system in Bengaluru, India using REOF analysis and Kriging. Bengaluru meets its needs of water supply from river Cauvery. The water supply utility has an increasing block tariff to control the water demand in the city. But it measures only the use of surface water that is being supplied by the utility. Ground water, being a free resource, bridges the demand supply gap in the city. More than half of the water demand in the city is met through ground water. Hence it is essential to understand the components of ground water level variation in this hard rock aquifer system. Rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis of monthly piezometric heads from 153 monitoring wells measured during 2015-2017 is used to identify the primary ground water recharge components. The major components of ground water level variation in the study area was identified as rainfall and pipeline leakage. Ordinary Kriging was used to regionalize the identified significant empirical orthogonal functions.</p>