scholarly journals Identifying nesting grounds for juvenile migratory birds with dual isotope: an initial test using North American raptors

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke E. Crowley ◽  
Clément P. Bataille ◽  
Bruce A. Haak ◽  
Kaitlin M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Dual Isotope

scholarly journals Patterns and mechanisms of heterogeneous breeding distribution shifts of North American migratory birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. McCaslin ◽  
Julie A. Heath
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Breeding Distribution ◽  
Distribution Shifts

scholarly journals Spread and Persistence of Influenza A Viruses in Waterfowl Hosts in the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 5371-5381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Fries ◽  
Jacqueline M. Nolting ◽  
Andrew S. Bowman ◽  
Xudong Lin ◽  
Rebecca A. Halpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Gene Dispersal ◽  
The North ◽  
Migratory Season ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Migratory Corridor

ABSTRACTWhile geographic distance often restricts the spread of pathogens via hosts, this barrier may be compromised when host species are mobile. Migratory waterfowl in the order Anseriformes are important reservoir hosts for diverse populations of avian-origin influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are assumed to spread AIVs during their annual continental-scale migrations. However, support for this hypothesis is limited, and it is rarely tested using data from comprehensive surveillance efforts incorporating both the temporal and spatial aspects of host migratory patterns. We conducted intensive AIV surveillance of waterfowl using the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway (MMF) over three autumn migratory seasons. Viral isolates (n= 297) from multiple host species were sequenced and analyzed for patterns of gene dispersal between northern staging and southern wintering locations. Using a phylogenetic and nucleotide identity framework, we observed a larger amount of gene dispersal within this flyway rather than between the other three longitudinally identified North American flyways. Across seasons, we observed patterns of regional persistence of diversity for each genomic segment, along with limited survival of dispersed AIV gene lineages. Reassortment increased with both time and distance, resulting in transient AIV constellations. This study shows that within the MMF, AIV gene flow favors spread along the migratory corridor within a season, and also that intensive surveillance during bird migration is important for identifying virus dispersal on time scales relevant to pandemic responsiveness. In addition, this study indicates that comprehensive monitoring programs to capture AIV diversity are critical for providing insight into AIV evolution and ecology in a major natural reservoir.IMPORTANCEMigratory birds are a reservoir for antigenic and genetic diversity of influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are implicated in the spread of virus diversity that has contributed to previous pandemic events. Evidence for dispersal of avian-origin AIVs by migratory birds is rarely examined on temporal scales relevant to pandemic or panzootic threats. Therefore, characterizing AIV movement by hosts within a migratory season is important for implementing effective surveillance strategies. We conducted surveillance following birds along a major North American migratory route and observed that within a migratory season, AIVs rapidly reassorted and gene lineages were dispersed primarily within the migratory corridor. Patterns of regional persistence were observed across seasons for each gene segment. We show that dispersal of AIV gene lineages by migratory birds occurs quickly along migratory routes and that surveillance for AIVs threatening human and animal health should focus attention on these routes.

scholarly journals Shared morphological consequences of global warming in North American migratory birds

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Weeks ◽  
David E. Willard ◽  
Marketa Zimova ◽  
Aspen A. Ellis ◽  
Max L. Witynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds

scholarly journals Shared morphological consequences of global warming in North American migratory birds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Weeks ◽  
David E. Willard ◽  
Aspen A. Ellis ◽  
Max L. Witynski ◽  
Mary Hennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
North American ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
General Response

ABSTRACTIncreasing temperatures associated with climate change are predicted to cause reductions in body size, a key determinant of animal physiology and ecology. Using a four-decade specimen series of 70,716 individuals of 52 North American migratory bird species, we demonstrate that increasing annual summer temperature over the 40-year period drove consistent reductions in body size across these diverse taxa. Concurrently, wing length – which impacts nearly all aspects of avian ecology and behavior – has consistently increased across taxa. Our findings suggest that warming-induced body size reduction is a general response to climate change, and reveal a similarly consistent shift in an ecologically-important dimension of body shape. We hypothesize that increasing wing length represents a compensatory adaptation to maintain migration as reductions in body size have increased the metabolic cost of flight. An improved understanding of warming-induced morphological changes, and their limits, are important for predicting biotic responses to global change.

scholarly journals Climatic patterns in the establishment of wintering areas by North American migratory birds

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2022-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Pérez‐Moreno ◽  
Enrique Martínez‐Meyer ◽  
Jorge Soberón Mainero ◽  
Octavio Rojas‐Soto
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Wintering Areas

Infection control in North American dental schools

1989 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sampson ◽  
VB Dhuru
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
North American ◽  
Dental Schools

Treatment planning instruction in North American dental schools, 1984-85

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
S Kennon ◽  
TF Sleamaker ◽  
AG Farman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
North American ◽  
Dental Schools

Adaptation of the Connected Speech Test: Rerecording and Passage Equivalency

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan K. Saleh ◽  
Paula Folkeard ◽  
Ewan Macpherson ◽  
Susan Scollie
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
North American ◽  
First Language ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Speech Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unit Standard

Purpose The original Connected Speech Test (CST; Cox et al., 1987) is a well-regarded and often utilized speech perception test. The aim of this study was to develop a new version of the CST using a neutral North American accent and to assess the use of this updated CST on participants with normal hearing. Method A female English speaker was recruited to read the original CST passages, which were recorded as the new CST stimuli. A study was designed to assess the newly recorded CST passages' equivalence and conduct normalization. The study included 19 Western University students (11 females and eight males) with normal hearing and with English as a first language. Results Raw scores for the 48 tested passages were converted to rationalized arcsine units, and average passage scores more than 1 rationalized arcsine unit standard deviation from the mean were excluded. The internal reliability of the 32 remaining passages was assessed, and the two-way random effects intraclass correlation was .944. Conclusion The aim of our study was to create new CST stimuli with a more general North American accent in order to minimize accent effects on the speech perception scores. The study resulted in 32 passages of equivalent difficulty for listeners with normal hearing.

North American blastomycosis presenting as an acute panniculitis and arthritis

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Maioriello
Keyword(s):  
North American
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