scholarly journals Metabolic depression in sea urchin barrens associated with food deprivation

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Spindel ◽  
Lynn C. Lee ◽  
Daniel K. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

scholarly journals Zombies of the Nearshore: Metabolic Depression in Sea Urchin Barrens Associated with Food Deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Spindel ◽  
Lynn C. Lee ◽  
Daniel K. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

Macroalgal forests and sea urchin barrens: Structural complexity loss, fisheries exploitation and catastrophic regime shifts

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Melis ◽  
G. Ceccherelli ◽  
L. Piazzi ◽  
M. Rustici
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Regime Shifts ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

scholarly journals Population dynamics of an ecologically important range-extender: kelp beds versus sea urchin barrens

2009 ◽  
Vol 374 ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Ling ◽  
CR Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Kelp Beds ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

Effect of a cold event on population and community of pit-inhabiting sea urchins in Western Pacific coasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-826
Author(s):  
Luna Yamamori ◽  
Makoto Kato
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Cold Event ◽  
Population And Community Dynamics ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

AbstractCoastal tide pools in southern Japan are inhabited by the rock-boring sea urchin Echinostrephus molaris, which excavate pits in the substrate. These pits are subsequently used by non-boring sea urchins such as Anthocidaris crassispina and Echinometra sp. B, and the recolonized pits are often inhabited by a commensal limpet-like trochid snail species, Broderipia iridescens. We explored the population and community dynamics of these sea urchins and the limpet-like snail by monitoring occupancy of 512 pits in tide pools in Shirahama, Japan from May 2017–May 2019. Initially, nearly all pits were occupied by any one of the three sea urchin species, but an unusual cold event in February 2018 caused a mass die off of these sea urchins. After this event, occupancy decreased from 99% to 15%, and the tropical species Echinometra sp. B disappeared from the study pools. We observed slow population recovery of E. molaris and A. crassispina, provably via migration of sub-adults from the subtidal zone. Turnover rate of the pit-occupying sea urchin species was <1.0% before the cold event, but drastically increased after the cold event. Population size of the commensal snail decreased along with those of their host, but the rate of commensalism was constant at 50–55% throughout the study period, suggesting that these snails followed their host sea urchins repeating inter-pit migration. Despite mass mortality and slow recovery, the sea urchin density remained high enough to maintain persistent sea urchin barrens throughout the study period.

scholarly journals Sea urchin barrens as alternative stable states of collapsed kelp ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Filbee-Dexter ◽  
RE Scheibling
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Alternative Stable States ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

scholarly journals Forming sea urchin barrens from the inside out: an alternative pattern of overgrazing

2012 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
EB Flukes ◽  
CR Johnson ◽  
SD Ling
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

scholarly journals Marine heat wave and multiple stressors tip bull kelp forest to sea urchin barrens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rogers-Bennett ◽  
C. A. Catton
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

Abstract Extreme climatic events have recently impacted marine ecosystems around the world, including foundation species such as corals and kelps. Here, we describe the rapid climate-driven catastrophic shift in 2014 from a previously robust kelp forest to unproductive large scale urchin barrens in northern California. Bull kelp canopy was reduced by >90% along more than 350 km of coastline. Twenty years of kelp ecosystem surveys reveal the timing and magnitude of events, including mass mortalities of sea stars (2013-), intense ocean warming (2014–2017), and sea urchin barrens (2015-). Multiple stressors led to the unprecedented and long-lasting decline of the kelp forest. Kelp deforestation triggered mass (80%) abalone mortality (2017) resulting in the closure in 2018 of the recreational abalone fishery worth an estimated $44 M and the collapse of the north coast commercial red sea urchin fishery (2015-) worth $3 M. Key questions remain such as the relative roles of ocean warming and sea star disease in the massive purple sea urchin population increase. Science and policy will need to partner to better understand drivers, build climate-resilient fisheries and kelp forest recovery strategies in order to restore essential kelp forest ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Survivors of Climate Driven Abalone Mass Mortality Exhibit Declines in Health and Reproduction Following Kelp Forest Collapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rogers-Bennett ◽  
Robert Klamt ◽  
Cynthia A. Catton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Condition Indices ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

Marine ecosystems are vulnerable to climate driven events such as marine heatwaves yet we have a poor understanding of whether they will collapse or recover. Kelp forests are known to be susceptible, and there has been a rise in sea urchin barrens around the world. When temperatures increase so do physiological demands while food resources decline, tightening metabolic constraints. In this case study, we examine red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) looking at sublethal impacts and their prospects for recovery within kelp forests that have shifted to sea urchin barrens. Abalone are a recreationally fished species that once thrived in northern California’s bull kelp forests but have recently suffered mass mortalities since the 2014–2016 marine heatwave. Quantitative data exist on the health and reproduction of abalone both prior to and after the collapse. The survivors of the mass mortality show a 2-year lag in body and gonad condition indices. After the lag, body and gonad indexes decreased substantially, as did the relationship between shell length and body weight. Production of mature eggs per female declined by 99% (p &lt; 0.001), and the number of eggs per gram of female body weight (2,984/g) declined to near zero (9/g). The number of males with sperm was reduced by 33%, and the sperm abundance score was reduced by 28% (p = 0.414). We observed that these reductions were for mature eggs and sperm while immature eggs and spermatids were still present in large numbers. In the lab, after reintroduction of kelp, weight gains were quickly lost following a second starvation period. This example illustrates how climate-driven declines in foundation species can suppress recovery of the system by impacting body condition and future reproduction of surviving individuals. Given the poor reproductive potential of the remaining abalone in northern California, coupled with ongoing mortality and low kelp abundances, we discuss the need to maintain the fishing moratorium and implement active abalone restoration measures. For fished species, such as abalone, this additional hurdle to recovery imposed by changes in climate is critical to understand and incorporate into resource management and restoration.

Clytia hummelincki(Hydroidomedusae: Leptomedusae) in the Mediterranean Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 1547-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Gravili ◽  
Paolo D'Ambrosio ◽  
Cristina Di Camillo ◽  
Giuseppina Renna ◽  
Jean Bouillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sea Urchin Barrens

The inconspicuous hydrozoanClytia hummelincki, first recorded from the Mediterranean Sea in 1996, is presently widespread throughout the middle Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Two surveys carried out in 2003 and 2004 along the coast of the Salento Peninsula, Italy, showed that this species inhabits a belt between 0.5 and 2 m depth in sea urchin barrens and in areas damaged by date mussel fisheries. The comparison between the two surveys indicates that the frequency of the alien increased from 2003 to 2004. The life cycle ofC. hummelinckiis described for the first time.

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