Ground Level Enhancement Events: Interplanetary Protons versus Protons Interacting at the Sun.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Kocharov ◽  
Ilya Usoskin ◽  
Alexander Mishev
1981 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 397-398
Author(s):  
H. S. Ahluwalia

Sekido and Murakami (1958) proposed the existence of the heliosphere to explain the scattered component of the solar cosmic rays. The heliosphere of their conception is a spherical shell around the sun. The shell contains a highly-irregular magnetic field and serves to scatter the cosmic rays emitted by the sun. It thereby gives rise to an isotropic component of solar cosmic rays, following the maximum in the ground level enhancement (GLE). Meyer et al. (1956) showed that a similar picture applies to the GLE of 23 February 1956. They conclude that the inner and outer radii of the shell should be 1.4 AU and 5 AU respectively. They suggest that a shell is formed by the “pile-up” of the solar wind under pressure exerted by the interstellar magnetic field, as suggested by Davis (1955).


2012 ◽  
Vol 171 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 141-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Li ◽  
R. Moore ◽  
R. A. Mewaldt ◽  
L. Zhao ◽  
A. W. Labrador

2012 ◽  
Vol 171 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 23-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gopalswamy ◽  
H. Xie ◽  
S. Yashiro ◽  
S. Akiyama ◽  
P. Mäkelä ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. A46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mishev ◽  
Sasu Tuohino ◽  
Ilya Usoskin

Radiation exposure due to cosmic rays, specifically at cruising aviation altitudes, is an important topic in the field of space weather. While the effect of galactic cosmic rays can be easily assessed on the basis of recent models, estimate of the dose rate during strong solar particle events is rather complicated and time consuming. Here we compute the maximum effective dose rates at a typical commercial flight altitude of 35 kft (≈11 000 m above sea level) during ground level enhancement events, where the necessary information, namely derived energy/rigidity spectra of solar energetic particles, is available. The computations are carried out using different reconstructions of the solar proton spectra, available in bibliographic sources, leading to multiple results for some events. The computations were performed employing a recent model for effective dose and/or ambient dose equivalent due to cosmic ray particles. A conservative approach for the computation was assumed. A highly significant correlation between the maximum effective dose rate and peak NM count rate increase during ground level enhancement events is derived. Hence, we propose to use the peak NM count rate increase as a proxy in order to assess the peak effective dose rate at flight altitude during strong solar particle events using the real time records of the worldwide global neutron monitor network.


New Astronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Velasco Herrera ◽  
J. Pérez-Peraza ◽  
W. Soon ◽  
J.C. Márquez-Adame

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lun C. Tan ◽  
Olga E. Malandraki ◽  
Donald V. Reames ◽  
Chee K. Ng ◽  
Linghua Wang ◽  
...  

JETP Letters ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Krymsky ◽  
V. G. Grigoryev ◽  
S. A. Starodubtsev ◽  
S. N. Taneev

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