scholarly journals Erratum: Polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and metabolites: Relation to circulating thyroid hormone and retinol in nestling bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2388-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian S. Cesh ◽  
Kyle H. Elliott ◽  
Susan Quade ◽  
Melissa A. McKinney ◽  
France Maisoneuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and metabolites: Relation to circulating thyroid hormone and retinol in nestling bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian S. Cesh ◽  
Kyle H. Elliott ◽  
Susan Quade ◽  
Melissa A. McKinney ◽  
France Maisoneuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons

scholarly journals Induction of biotransformation enzymes by polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs):potential impact on animal physiology and health

1999 ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
Abraham Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Biotransformation Enzymes ◽  
Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Biotransformation and its role in the elimination of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) has been the subject of many studies from the late seventies onwards. The notion of specific, high affinity interactions of phenolic PHAH metabolites with the plasma transport proteins of thyroid hormone and vitamin A, both in vitro and in vivo, stimulated further research into the possible role of biotransformation in the toxicity of certain PHAHs such as PCBs. Currently, phenolic metabolites of PCBs and related compounds have been identified as major metabolites in blood plasma of e.g. grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and humans with background environmental exposure to these chemicals. The concentrations of the hydroxy-PCBs were in the same range as the most persistent parent congeners, such as PCB 153, 138 and 180. These phenolic metabolites were found to possess a specific range of biological activities, which differed from the parent compounds. Another potential adverse effect associated with persistent induction of biotransformation enzymes, like UDP-glucuronyl transferases (UGTs) by PHAHs, is a long-term enhanced elimination of several important endogenous ligands such as vitamin A and thyroid hormones. Reduced levels of vitamin A and thyroid hormones have been reported in most experimental animal and wildlife species exposed to PHAHs. The recent observation of the accumulation of high levels of phenolic PCB metabolites in blood and brain of late gestational rat foetuses, in parallel with reductions in both vitamin A and thyroid hormone levels, suggests that these metabolites may play an important role in the observed developmental toxicity of PHAHs

scholarly journals Predictive Modeling of a Mixture of Thyroid Hormone Disrupting Chemicals That Affect Production and Clearance of Thyroxine

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Flippin ◽  
J. M. Hedge ◽  
M. J. DeVito ◽  
G. A. LeBlanc ◽  
K. M. Crofton
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Long Evans

Thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting compounds interfere with both thyroidal and extrathyroidal mechanisms to decrease circulating thyroxine (T4). This research tested the hypothesis that serum T4 concentrations of rodents exposed to a mixture of both TH synthesis inhibitors (pesticides) and stimulators of T4 clearance in the liver (polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PHAHs) could be best predicted by an integrated addition model. Female Long-Evans rats, 23 days of age, were dosed with dilutions of a mixture of 18 PHAHs (2 dioxins, 4 dibenzofurans, and 12 PCBs, including dioxin-like and non-dioxin like PCBs) and a mixture of 3 pesticides (thiram, pronamide, and mancozeb) for four consecutive days. Serum was collected 24 hours after the last exposure and T4 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Animals exposed to the highest dose of the mixture experienced a 45% decrease in serum T4. Three additivity model predictions (dose addition, effect addition, and integrated addition) were generated based on single chemical data, and the results were compared. Effect addition overestimated the effect produced by the combination of all 21 chemicals. The results of the dose- and integrated-addition models were similar, and both provided better predictions than the effect-addition model. These results support the use of dose- and integrated additivity models in predicting the effects of complex mixtures.

scholarly journals Ecological interactions and habitat modification in nesting Common Murres, Uria aalge

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Parrish ◽  
Robert T. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Predator Removal ◽  
Common Murre ◽  
Corvus Caurinus ◽  
Common Murres

SummarySeabird populations suffer from a variety of natural and human-induced sources of mortality and loss of lifetime reproductive output. On the outer coast of Washington State, Common Murre Uria aalge populations have been in decline for approximately the last decade and are currently reproductively active only at Tatoosh Island. These murres nest in two basic habitat types: crevices (25% of the population) and larger cliff-top subcolonies (75%). Murres in cliff-top subcolonies have suffered dramatic reductions in reproductive success in recent years relative to conspecifics nesting in the crevices, primarily due to egg predation by Glaucous-winged Gulls Larus glaucescens and Northwestern Crows Corvus caurinus, facilitated by the presence of Bald Eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Because predator removal is not feasible and creation of additional crevice habitat is difficult, expensive and potentially ineffective, we have designed a temporary habitat modification (the “silk forest”) which replaces the natural vegetation cover and modifies the interaction between murres and eagles. Within the test subcolony, murres nesting under and immediately adjacent to the silk forest produced nearly twice as many eggs per square metre as their conspecifics nesting in adjacent exposed-ground areas.

The impact of exposure to a mixture of eighteen polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons on thyroid function: Estimation of an interaction threshold

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gennings ◽  
W. Hans Carter ◽  
Richard A. Carchman ◽  
Michael J. DeVito ◽  
Jane Ellen Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Function Estimation ◽  
Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Impact

Reproductive success of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and its association with habitat or landscape features and weather in southeast Alaska

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1595-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Gende ◽  
Mary F. Wilson ◽  
Mike Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Active Nest ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Landscape Features

Long-term data have been collected on nesting bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in three areas of southeast Alaska. The average density of active nests was among the highest recorded, but nest productivity (average number of young fledged per active nest) and success (percentage of active nests that fledged at least one young) were similar to values in other areas. Using logistic regression, nest productivity was associated with several habitat or landscape features (productivity was highest in proximity to spawning herring and at a particular location), each of which could be related to the availability of prey (fish) in the early spring (April, May) during egg laying and incubation. Consistency of nesting success was associated with the presence of tidal flats at one study site. Nest use, but not nesting success, was related to nesting success the previous year. Multiple regression showed that fewer nests per kilometre were successful in years with a high frequency of spring rains.

Pharmacokinetics of a Single Intramuscular Injection of Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda J. Sadar ◽  
Sherry K. Cox ◽  
Abigail Duvall ◽  
Michael P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection

Bald Eagle Lead Exposure in the Upper Midwest

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Warner ◽  
Edward E. Britton ◽  
Drew N. Becker ◽  
Michael J. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Bald Eagle ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Liver Lead Concentration

Abstract In 2012, we examined lead exposure in 58 bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus found dead in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. We determined lead concentrations in livers, examined differences in exposure among ages and between sexes, and recorded clinical signs consistent with lead poisoning. Most (60%) of the bald eagles had detectable lead concentrations, and 38% of the 58 had concentrations within the lethal range for lead poisoning. We found no differences in exposure based on sex or age, but we did find an inverse relationship between body and liver mass and liver lead concentration. The high percentage of lead-exposed bald eagles encouraged us to further examine potential sources of lead in our local environment. We initiated a study on the Fish and Wildlife Service's Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge to investigate if discarded offal piles from hunter-killed deer were a potential source of lead exposure to scavenging wildlife such as the bald eagle. Radiographs showed that 36% of offal piles in our sample area contained lead fragments ranging from 1 to 107 particles per pile. Our study indicated that 1) lead exposure rates for bald eagles found dead in our Upper Midwest study area were high, 2) more than one-third of the bald eagles found dead in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin had liver lead concentrations consistent with lead poisoning, and 3) discarded offal piles from deer shot with lead ammunition can be a potential source of lead exposure for bald eagles.

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