scholarly journals The impact of hydraulic processes in Olduvai Beds I and II, Tanzania, through a particle dimension analysis of stone tool assemblages

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio de la Torre ◽  
Alfonso Benito-Calvo ◽  
Tomos Proffitt
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tool ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
Particle Dimension ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydraulic Processes

scholarly journals WOULD CLIMATE POLICY IMPROVE THE EUROPEAN ENERGY SECURITY?

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550008 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉLINE GUIVARCH ◽  
STÉPHANIE MONJON ◽  
JULIE ROZENBERG ◽  
ADRIEN VOGT-SCHILB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
Uncertainty Space ◽  
The Many ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Energy security improvement is often presented as a co-benefit of climate policies. This paper evaluates this claim. It investigates whether climate policy would improve energy security, while accounting for the difficulties entailed by the many-faceted nature of the concept and the large uncertainties on the determinants of future energy systems. A multi-dimension analysis grid is used to capture the energy security concept, and a database of scenarios allows us to explore the uncertainty space. The results, focusing on Europe, reveal there is no unequivocal effect of climate policy on all the perspectives of energy security. Moreover, time significantly matters: the impact of climate policies is mixed in the short term and globally good in the medium term. In the long term, there is a risk of degradation of the energy security. Lastly, we examine the robustness of our results to uncertainties on drivers of economic growth, availability of fossil fuels and the potentials and low-carbon technologies, and find that they are sensitive mainly to fossil fuels availability, low carbon technologies in the energy sector and improvements in energy efficiency.

scholarly journals ESTUftRINE RESPONSE TO DREDGING IN THE TWEED RIVER, AUSTRALIA

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Druery
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Lower Estuary ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
Tidal Hydraulics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydraulic Processes

Between mid 1974 and mid 1975,760,000 m3 of sand was dredged from the bed of the Tweed River for the purpose of nourishing cyclone damaged beaches of the Gold Coast (Queensland). A comprehensive field data programme was established in 1976 to record the changes in the hydraulic processes of the Tweed River brought about by the dredging. The field measurements demonstrated that the dredged area was being infilled with sediments of both marine and estuarine origin. The dredging increased tidal ranges throughout the lower estuary, the effect being more pronounced at low water. Sediment bedload rates were estimated from detailed measurements of bedforms and used to calibrate a sediment transport formula. The formula was used in conjunction with a 1 Dim. numerical model of tidal hydraulics to simulate estuarine shoal dynamics by means of a simple sediment routing technique. The results showed that the dredging had altered the tidal hydrodynamics so as to enhance the ebb transport of sediment towards the dredged hole. In the long term it was found that the sediment transport switched to a weak net upstream movement of sediment. The detailed hydraulic mechanisms involved are discussed. The study demonstrates that the impact of dredging can be minimised by location upstream of the entrance plug of marine sand.

scholarly journals Human activity negatively affects stone tool-using Burmese long-tailed macaquesMacaca fascicularis aureain Laem Son National Park, Thailand

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gumert ◽  
Yuzuru Hamada ◽  
Suchinda Malaivijitnond
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAnimal traditions can affect survival by improving how individuals use their environment. They are inherited through social learning and are restricted to small subpopulations. As a result, traditions are rare and their preservation needs to be considered in biodiversity conservation. We studied Burmese long-tailed macaquesMacaca fascicularis aurealiving on Piak Nam Yai Island in Laem Son National Park, Thailand, which maintain a rare stone tool-using tradition for processing hard-shelled invertebrate prey along the island's shores. We found the population had 192 individuals in nine groups and most individuals used stone tools. This population is under pressure from the local human community through the development of farms and release of domestic dogsCanis familiarisonto the island. The level of anthropogenic impact varied in each macaque groups' range and juvenile–infant composition varied with impact. The proportion of young was smaller in groups overlapping farms and was negatively correlated with the amount of dog activity in their range. We also found that coastal use by macaques was negatively related to living near plantations and that the dogs displaced macaques from the shores in 93% of their encounters. We conclude that human impact is negatively affecting Piak Nam Yai's macaques and are concerned this could disrupt the persistence of their stone-use tradition. we discuss the impact and the potential consequences, and we recommend better protection of coastal areas within Laem Son National Park.

scholarly journals Evaluating the microscopic effect of brushing stone tools as a cleaning procedure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Pedergnana ◽  
Ivan Calandra ◽  
Konstantin Bob ◽  
Walter Gneisinger ◽  
Eduardo Paixao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Topography

Cleaning stone tool surfaces is a common procedure in lithic studies. The first step widely applied at any archaeological site (and/or at field laboratories) is the gross removal of sediment from the surfaces of artifacts. Lithic surface alterations due to mechanical action applied in wet or dry cleaning regimes have never been examined at a microscopic scale. This could have important implications in traceology, as any modern surface modifications inflicted on archaeological artifacts might compromise their functional interpretations. The current trend toward quantification of use-wear traces makes the testing even more important, as even slight, apparently invisible surface alterations might be measured.In order to evaluate the impact of common cleaning procedures, we undertook a controlled experiment. The main aim of this experiment was to assess the effects that brushing actions applied for removing sediment particles have on flint and quartzite surfaces.All surfaces were analyzed with confocal microscopy before and after having been brushed to quantify possible changes in the micro-topography. Surface roughness parameters (ISO 25178-2 among others) were applied.Nine parameters changed significantly when mechanical actions were applied to lithic surfaces, meaning that some changes in the surface micro-topography were detected. Therefore, archeologists need to be cautious when applying prolonged mechanical actions for cleaning archaeological stone tools.

scholarly journals Impact of culture, brand image and price on buying decisions: Evidence from East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Sudaryanto ◽  
Imam Suroso ◽  
Anifatul Hanim ◽  
Jaloni Pansiri ◽  
Taskiya Latifatil Umama
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Buying Decisions

The marketing strategy phenomenon improves significantly, narrowing from a general to a specific cultural ethnicity base and from variable to dimension analysis. This study examines the impact of culture, brand image and price on buying decisions. The study population comprised retail consumers in the sampled area of Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to derive a sample of 112 respondents as a primary data source – descriptive statistics allows for the demographic characteristics of retail consumers in East Java, Indonesia. Surprisingly, the data showed that gender involvement in buyer decision-making was dominant. Most retail customers were identified as private-sector employees and indicated for higher income earners. Responses were then analyzed using multiple linear regressions to answer the research hypotheses. The results showed that Hofstede’s culture dimension and the brand image and price significantly affected consumer buying decisions at retail stores in East Java, Indonesia. Regarding the strength of Islamic culture in East Java, price was the primary consideration in buying decisions. Further research, preferably using ethnographic approaches with an emphasis on qualitative research, is needed to investigate the implications of these relationships. AcknowledgmentWe would like to thank the Research Centre (LP2M) of University of Jember, East Java, Indonesia, for their support and funding. We also want to thank Rusdiyanto, a Ph.D. student from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, for his helpful discussions and contributions.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

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